D.C. Circuits Flashcards
What defines a direct current (DC) circuit?
A circuit in which the electric current flows in one constant direction.
What characterizes a series circuit?
Components connected end-to-end so that the same current flows through each component.
What characterizes a parallel circuit?
Components connected across the same two points, so each component experiences the same voltage while the current divides between branches.
How is the total resistance calculated in a series circuit?
The total resistance is the sum of individual resistances: R_total = R1 + R2 + R3 + …
How is the total resistance calculated in a parallel circuit?
1/R_total = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + …
State Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL).
The sum of all voltage drops in a closed circuit loop equals the total applied voltage.
State Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL).
The total current entering a junction equals the total current leaving the junction.
What is a voltage divider and how is it used?
A configuration of resistors that produces a voltage that is a fraction of the input voltage, useful for biasing and signal level adjustments.
How is electrical power calculated in a DC circuit?
Power can be calculated as P = VI, P = I²R, or P = V²/R, depending on the known quantities.
What is the role of internal resistance in a battery?
Internal resistance causes a voltage drop within the battery when current flows, affecting the delivered voltage to the circuit.
Describe a practical example of a DC circuit in everyday technology.
Battery-powered devices such as mobile phones or flashlights use DC circuits to operate.
Why is it important to understand series and parallel configurations in circuit design?
They determine how voltage, current, and resistance behave in the circuit, which is essential for correct circuit operation and safety.
