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DC 303 FF Flashcards

1
Q

Four basic components of the fire tetrahedron?

A

Fuel
Oxygen
Uninhibited Chemical Chain Reaction
Heat

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2
Q

How do you stop a fire?

A

Remove one of the parts of the fire tetrahedron.

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3
Q

What is flash point?

A

Lowest temperature that flammable fumes/vapors are given off from a flammable substance, and could ignite by a spark or flame.

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4
Q

What is Fire point?

A

Temperature where something will continue to burn after being lit. Usually a few degrees higher than flash point.

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5
Q

What is spontaneous combustion?

A

Certain types of materials, heat can cause fast oxidation resulting in a fire.

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6
Q

Auto Ignition/Self Ignition Point?

A

Lowest temperature where a substance will give off vapors that burn without the application of a spark or flame

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7
Q

Oxidation?

A

area is warm and there is no ventilation, oil on rags begins to oxidize (to react chemically with the oxygen in the warm air around it.) The natural process that produces heat.

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8
Q

Flammable/Explosive Range?

A

Flammable vapor to air ratio where the vapor will burn/explode when ignited.

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9
Q

Extinguishing Agents: Water

A

Cooling agent, most effective when it becomes steam and carries away heat, cooling the surface. Used on Class D for jettison over the side & A fires when steam is created from high velocity fog.

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10
Q

Extinguishing Agents: CO2

A

Gas used to extinguish fires by temporary removing oxygen. Provides no re-flash protection. Used on Charlie and Alpha fires. 5-10lb last 40-45 seconds.
Static electricity will build so keep grounded.

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11
Q

Extinguishing Agents: AFFF

A

Mixture of water and AFFF concentrate. Foam is a blanket of bubbles that extinguishes a fire mainly by smothering

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12
Q

Extinguishing Agents: PKP Potassium Bicarbonate

A

Chemical powder agent that stops a fire by producing a dense cloud that limits the amount of heat that can be radiated back the heart of the fire. Used on A & B fires

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13
Q

Extinguishing Agents: Water mist

A

Total-space extinguishing system. High-pressure water mist is effective at suppressing oil, pool fires, oil spray fires and Class A fires. Water mist may not totally extinguish fire but can combat open flaming to a smoldering state.

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14
Q

Isolating Electrical Power

A

Secure & isolate power that is causing fire. Lighting is normally not secured to allow visibility for attack team. Decision is made by scene leader.

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15
Q

Boundary Cooling Methods: Charged Hose

A

Determined by repair party leader. May be delayed if boundaries show no indication of heat or extension of the fire across the boundary. Using vari-nozzle.

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16
Q

Boundary Cooling Methods: Sprinkler System

A

Automatic system can prevent fire from spreading between boundaries. Periodically inspect boundaries to ensure no fire spread. If it does, man the boundary.

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17
Q

Water Application: Vari-nozzle

A

Partially open and apply water slowly moving the stream down the bulkhead toward the deck, continuously sweep the stream over the bulkhead for 15 seconds.

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18
Q

Water Application: Cooling a deck

A

Two options, run continuous thin film of water across the deck. Cool the deck by by applying water at a depth of 1 inch.

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19
Q

Thermal Imagers
Inspect before and after use to ensure good working condition. Do not rely solely on the thermal imager. Always have a spare set of batteries present.

A

Inspect before and after use to ensure good working condition. Do not rely solely on the thermal imager. Always have a spare set of batteries present.

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20
Q

What conditions need to exist for spontaneous combustion?

A

Combustible fuel, ignition source, and enough heat.

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21
Q

Three methods of heat transfer

.

A

Conduction: Transfer of heat through a body or bodies through direct physical contact.
Radiation: Transfer of heat through an open space in the same manner as light.
Convection: Heat is transferred through moving gasses or liquids. Hot air or smoke created by a fire

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22
Q

Horizontal/Vertical Fire Boundaries?

A

Fires will spread faster vertically than horizontally. Establish vertical fire boundaries ASAP. If you cannot access the fire compartment, establish horizontal fire boundaries around the compartment to prevent spread of fire.

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23
Q

Direct Fire Attack

A

When you have direct access to a fire, firefighters advance to the seat of the fire and apply water directly.

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24
Q

Indirect Fire attack

A

Firefighters cannot enter fire space directly. Water is discharged into the space through a cracked open door or a bulkhead or overhead penetration.

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25
Q

Direct Attack: Seat of the Fire

A

Stay low and use short narrow bursts of water to minimize steam. Hit seat of the fire, don’t hit overhead or bulkheads. Set fire boundaries as needed.

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26
Q

Direct Attack: Fog Attack

A

When you can access fire space but not attack the seat of the fire.
Use short fog bursts, directed at hot gas layer over the seat of the fire to control fire space conditions. Pause to check fire condition then move in and attack the seat.

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27
Q

Direct Attack: From access

A

If conditions prevent access into fire space but fire can be attack through access. Set boundaries and cool as needed. When able, enter and attack seat of fire.

28
Q

Fire Venting

A

Cut hole in overhead deck above fire. Fire boundary man above fire avoids directing water into vent hole. Vents heat from department and allows attack team to move in. Should only be done through weather deck.

29
Q

Fire Venting Indirect Attack

A

Cut hole in overhead above fire. Minimum one square foot holes, be cut from weather deck or compartment open to weather. Don’t apply water directly into hole, apply water fog into the fire space through cracked hole or overhead.

30
Q

Smoke control zone

A

Area between inner and outer smoke boundaries established for fires that involve primarily class A or Class C materials.

31
Q

Buffer Zone

A

The area between inner and outer smoke boundaries established for a class B fire in a machinery space.

32
Q

Vertical Trunk Access

A 
#1 Nozzle-man descends into vertical access with hose. Hoseman lowers the nozzle at the Nozzle-man's rate of descent to prevent hose from getting caught or being damaged in the descent.
Hoseman and attack team leader should follow closely behind. A hoseman remains up top to help with hose handling. Apply smoke curtain at access into fire space. Hoseman can be placed at the bottom of the trunk to assist in hose handling, pass communications, and maintain smoke curtain, if deployed.
33
Q

General Considerations for fire attacks from above.

A

Rotate personnel frequently to avoid heat exhaustion. Endurance may last less than 10 minutes. Position scene leader just outside access to space so his endurance and judgement are not effected by fire.
Wear two pears of socks if practical.
Stand erect to avoid greater heat stress.
Avoid stationing personnel at local hot spots such as immediately above the fire. Minimize hose ruptures by cooling the deck with water and avoid laying hose on local hot spots.

34
Q

Entering fire space

A
  1. Firefighters entering must be fully outfitted in FFE and descend quickly.
  2. Avoid touching hot metal surfaces, such as handrails, if possible.
  3. If grabbing a handrail is necessary, one FF glove may not be enough, use an extra glove or other material for protection.
35
Q

Smoke Blankets

A

Scene leader will decide whether or not a smoke blanket is required.
Reasons for no smoke blanket immediately.
1. When opening hatch, large amounts of heat and smoke will escape before a smoke blanket can be rigged.
2. Does not improve conditions short term (10 minutes or less)
3. Interferes with communication between people in the fire space and outside it.
4. Interferes with personnel movement into space.
Should be placed after fire is out to prevent re-flash through traveling oxygen into space.

36
Q

Leaving the fire space.

A 
Evacuate Space
1. Leave the hose
2. Cover the hatch opening with a smoke blanket to prevent re-flash of fire. 
Withdrawal Space
1. Remove the hose
2. Close the hatch.
37
Q

Multiple Attack Team Hose Lines

A
  1. Requires multiple hose coordination. Each hose is operated as an attack hose or a backup hose if needed.
  2. Each manned hose must balance between greater mobility and greater risk brought on by separation.
  3. Ensure they do not force flames and heat onto another manned hose, concern when attacking from different directions.
38
Q

Steps to attacking fire.

A
  1. Evaluate the fire, extinguish if able with fire extinguisher.
  2. Isolate and secure any vulnerable systems.
  3. Deploy and energize firemain, or AFFF if it is within range.
  4. Establish fire and smoke boundaries.
  5. Attack fire.
39
Q

Attack Team Leader: Multiple Hose Coordination

A
  1. Coordinates attack in safe/effective manner.
  2. Maintains position where he/she can best see operation of the nozzle and urge the nozzle man forward at the proper time.
  3. Ensures nozzle is operated properly.
  4. Reports status and progress to, and receives direction from, the scene leader.
40
Q

Repair Party Leader: Multiple Hose Coordination

A
  1. Keeps track of breathing apparatus operating times and requests relieves for nozzle men and hosemen.
  2. Ensures firefighters are available for relief.
  3. Forms fresh fire parties and rotates personnel and equipment to reduce fatigue and heat stress.
41
Q

Ship Collective Protection System: Desmoking

A

On ships equipped with a Collective Protection System, maintaining total protection zone supply and exhaust ventilation is essential to continued CBR protection. Decision falls to Damage Control Assistant

42
Q

Factors to consider when activating Collective Protection System.

A
  1. Securing supply ventilation may not have immediate effect. If space is tight, should diminish intensity of fire. If air is supplied to fire through vents, could allow fire to grow.
  2. On ships equipped with CPS, operating the ventilation supply and exhaust systems is essential to providing continued CBR protection to total protection zone.
  3. Ventilation recirculating systems serving the fire area or area not protected from CBR contamination should be secured.
43
Q

Hazards in a CBR environment.

A
  1. Heat could cause chemical agents to aerosolize. Creating aerosol threat.
  2. Liquid agent may be present on exposed surfaces.
  3. Liquid contamination is likely to occur in areas preferred by attack team.
  4. A CBR boundary isolates areas of the ship that are protected from CBR contamination from the weather or from other areas of the ship that may be contaminated.
  5. In CPS ships, the weather shell of the ship and each boundary between CPS zones is a CBR boundary.
  6. Chemical agent threat in the immediate vicinity of fires would decrease due to the initial high temperature, but decomposition products and residue still pose a threat.
44
Q

Steps to prevent fires.

A
  1. Make regular inspections and rounds of any equipment that may pose a fire hazard.
  2. Properly stow and protect all combustibles.
  3. Test and inspect flammable/combustible fluid systems after repairs.
  4. Educate all personnel in the reduction of fire hazards and perform frequent fire drills.
  5. Maintain flange shields on those flammable/combustible liquid lines.
  6. Maintain proper covers on flammable/combustible liquid strainers and keep sounding tube caps in place and isolation valves closed.
  7. Repair any oil leaks and clean up any spilled oil.
  8. Keep bilges free of oil and trash.
  9. Do not stockpile flammable materials.
  10. Maintain all firefighting equipment and machinery space equipment.
45
Q

Hazards of Saltwater activated ordnance and flares.

A

Some rescue devices are stowed with their activation in mind. Could be inadvertently activated due to responding to moisture in air or have their seals damaged.

46
Q

How does the Main Space Fire Doctrine assist in space isolation?

A

Tells you what systems to isolate in case of a fire in a certain space.

47
Q

Unique Fire Hazards in main space and auxiliary spaces?

A

Oils and fuel leaks.

Spilled oil.

48
Q

Flammable and combustible materials. Paints, rags, pig wipes, cardboard.

A

Faulty wiring, compromised insulation, sparks, etc.

49
Q

SCBA: Air Cylinder

A

Holds 4,500 psig compressed D grade air and is rated for a duration for 45 minutes of use.
Holds the air in a SCBA.

50
Q

SCBA: Cylinder Valve

A

Includes valve body, hand wheel, air pressure gauge, and safety plug.
Serves as a charging port for the air cylinder.
A built-in pressure gauge displays current cylinder air pressure at all times.
Hand-wheel releases air into SCBA system.

51
Q

SCBA: Cylinder Pressure Gauge

A

Displays how much air is left in the air cylinder.

52
Q

SCBA: Carrier and Harness Assembly

A

Attaches the SCBA to the firefighter. Distributes the weight of the system evenly.

53
Q

SCBA: PR14 First Stage Regulator

A

First stage regulator, prevents pressure from overwhelming the SCBA and rupturing the hose or mask breathing problems.

54
Q

SCBA: Firehawk Responder 2nd Stage Regulator

A

2nd stage regulator that serves as a check to further regulate pressure into the SCBA.

55
Q

What is the purge/bypass valve

A

Can adjust air flow to the face piece and is used to purge any remaining air from the connection hose after being shutdown.

56
Q

Heads-up Display (HUD)

A

SCBA face piece, independent battery powered system. Displays the amount of air you have left in your tank.

57
Q

Air Pressure Indicator

A
  1. Four Green LEDs: Full-3/4 cylinder pressure.
  2. Three green LEDs: 3/4-1/2 cylinder pressure
  3. Two flashing yellow LEDs: 1/2-1/4 cylinder pressure.
  4. One flashing red LED: 1/4 cylinder pressure.
58
Q

Battery Indicator

A
  1. Single flashing yellow LED: low battery
  2. Double flashing yellow LED: low battery in PASS Device.
  3. Solid orange LED: Pass Pre-Alarm
  4. Red & Orange LEDS: evacuate.
59
Q

Audi-Larm Alarm

A

Rings when there is approximately 25% pressure left in tank. Alerts to low level pressure in tank.

60
Q

Ultra-elite responder face piece.

A

Equipped with Lens, HUD, voice transmitter and voice amplifier, along with face harness to strap it to your face, nose cup.

61
Q

CO2 Fire extinguisher

A
  1. Cylinder, holds the CO2
  2. D-yoke ring: can hook up to trigger for continuous flow.
  3. Locking pin/seal, prevents operation and flow CO2.
  4. Horn/Horn Handle: Directs flow of CO2 and insulates hand from frostbite.
  5. Carrying handle: allows CO canister to be carried.
    Used on A & C fires.
62
Q

Parts of a PKP extinguisher

A

CO2 Cartridge: On side of extinguisher, contains CO2 to shoot out PKP powder.
Cartridge Guard: Protects CO2 cartridge.
Pull Pin Seal: Installed as a safety device for the puncture lever. Prevents CO2 cartridge from being penetrated.
Puncture Lever A B: Punctures CO2 canister to feed CO2 into tank.
Carry Handle: Allows canister to be carried.
Fill Cap: Located on the top of the extinguisher shell and used to refill shell with PKP.

63
Q

AFFF extinguisher

A

Pull/Pin Seal
AFFF aerating nozzle assembly
AFFF extinguisher pressure gauge, reads how much pressure you have left in tank.

64
Q

Fire Hose Station

A

Vari-nozzle: Allows stream of water to change angle between 30-90 degrees.
Spanner Wrench: On-station wrench to open or close firemain valves as needed.
In-line proportioner: Hooks into firemain pipe to feed AFFF into the hose station.

65
Q

What is a in-line proportioner?

A

Proportioner allows seawater and AFFF concentrate to mix together and form an AFFF solution. Uses the venturi effect.

66
Q

Operation Limits for extinguishers for Co2 and PKP?

A

CO2: range of 4-6 feet and can operate continuously for about 45 seconds.
PKP 18 lb: Range of 19-21 feet, average discharge of lb per second, decreasing as you use it. 21 second discharge time.
PKP 27 lb: Range of 21 ft and minimum discharge time of 11 seconds in still air.

67
Q

Portable Exothermic Cutting Unit

A
  1. Do not use SLICE torch or TORCH striker with a welding power supply.
  2. Do not handle the unit’s oxygen cylinder with oily or greasy hands.
  3. Wear appropriate gear
  4. Have adequate ventilation for toxic fumes.
  5. inspect equipment.

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