DC 302

Question 1

State the purpose of first aid?

Answer 1

Temporary measures to save life and prevent further injury.

Question 2

State the three basic rules for the treatment of soft tissue wounds?

Answer 2

1) Control hemorrhage.
2) Treat for shock.
3) Prevent infection.

Question 3

State the principles involved in dressing chest wounds?

Answer 3

Considered a serious condition. Any victim showing signs of difficulty of breathing must be inspected for chest wounds.

Question 4

State the principles involved in dressing head wounds?

Answer 4

Treat with care because of possible brain damage. Lay flat, head level with body. Do not raise feet. Trouble breathing, raise head slightly. Wound on head, turn on side. Watch closely for vomiting.

Question 5

State the principles involved in dressing abdominal wounds?

Answer 5

Keep the victim in supine position. If bleeding is severe, apply direct pressure.

Question 6

Where are the major pressure points on the body located?

Answer 6

1) Facial - Chin
2) Subclavian - Collar
3) Brachial - Bicep
4) Radial/Ulnar - Wrist
5) Iliac - Upper Thigh
6) Tibial - Ankle
7) Temporal - Temple
8) Carotid - Neck
9) Brachial - Elbow
10) Femoral - Thigh
11) Popliteal – Knee

Question 7

Explain the methods of controlling hemorrhage?

Answer 7

Direct Pressure / Tourniquet.

Question 8

What conditions warrant the use of a tourniquet?

Answer 8

Hemorrhage.

Question 9

State the difference between closed and open?fractures?

Answer 9

Whether or not the skin is broken.

Question 10

State how to immobilize a fracture using a splint?

Answer 10

Immobilize the fracture with a splint so that sharp ends of broken bones will not move around and cause further damage.

Question 11

State the care of a person with fractured spine?

Answer 11

Minimize shock. Prevent further injury to spinal cord. No twisting or bending.

Question 12

State the factors that can cause failure of breathing mechanism?

Answer 12

Complete airway obstruction. 
Insufficient oxygen in the air. 
Blood can't carry oxygen. 
Paralysis of breathing center of brain. 
External compression of the body.

Question 13

State the immediate treatments for respiratory arrest?

Answer 13

Mouth-to-Mask Method.

Heimlich Maneuver.

Question 14

State the mouth to mouth method of artificial respiration?

Answer 14

A quick, efficient way to provide oxygen to the patient.

Question 15

What is the abdominal thrust technique?

Answer 15

Recommend for relieving foreign-body airway obstruction.

Question 16

Definition of shock?

Answer 16

Not enough oxygen and blood is flowing to the organs and cells.

Question 17

Most common causes of shock?

Answer 17

Trauma. 
Allergic reactions. 
Drugs. 
Hypothermia. 
Toxins. 
Emotional. 
Near drowning.
Symptoms of shock.
Restlessness. 
Glassy and dull eyes. 
Dilated pupils. 
Rapid breathing. 
Pale skin. 
Rapid pulse. 
Low blood pressure. 
Faint. 
Thirst. 
Dryness of mouth

Question 18

Treatment of shock?

Answer 18

1) Lay flat on back, feet raised slightly higher than head.
2) Keep patient comfortable.
3) Conserve patient’s body heat.
4) Give nothing by mouth - may moisten lips.
5) Monitor and record vitals every 15 minutes.

Question 19

What are the symptoms of heat cramps?

Answer 19

Painful cramps in muscles of abdomen, legs, and arms.
What are the symptoms of heat exhaustion?
Ashen, gray skin. 
Cool, moist, clammy skin. 
Dilated pupils. 
May have weak pulse with rapid breathing.
Body temp may be below normal.
What are the symptoms of heat stroke?
Headache.
Nausea. 
Dizziness. 
Weakness.

Question 20

What is the first aid treatment of heat cramps?

Answer 20

Hydrate. Seek shelter from the heat.

Question 21

What is the first aid treatment of heat exhaustion?

Answer 21

Move to cool area.
Loosen clothing and apply wet cloths. (Do not allow victim to become chilled).
If conscious, give one teaspoon of salt dissolved in a liter of cool water.
Transport to medical facility.

Question 22

What is the first aid treatment of heat stroke?

Answer 22

Reduce heat immediately by dousing body in cold water or applying wet, cold towels.
Move to coolest area and remove as much clothing as possible.
Maintain open airway for breathing.
Lay on back, head and shoulders slightly raised.
Monitor temp with rectal thermometer.
Expose to AC or cool drafts.
Drink cool water, if possible.
Stop cooling when temp is below 102.

Question 23

What are the three degrees of burns and how are they determined?

Answer 23

1st = Sunburn
2nd = Blister’s
3rd = Burnt black tissue showing

Question 24

What are the treatments of the three degrees of burns?

Answer 24

1) Before transport, keep first aid to a minimum.
2) Maintain an open airway for breathing.
3) Control hemorrhage and treat for shock.
4) Cover burn area with dry, sterile cloth to prevent contamination.
5) DO NOT remove clothing that is adhering to the wound.

Question 25

What is the method for estimating the burn area?

Answer 25

Rule of Nines. Head and arms = 4%. Rest of body parts = 9%.

Question 26

Explain the Stokes Stretcher and its uses?

Answer 26

Wire basket supported by iron rods. Valuable for transferring injured persons to and from boats. Can be used with floats.

Question 27

Explain the Medevac Litter and its uses?

Answer 27

USCG standard equipment. Modernized stokes litter constructed with marine environment in mind. 40% lighter than stokes litter.

Question 28

What items could be used instead of stretchers?

Answer 28

Doors, shutters, boards or ladders. A strong cloth: blanket, rug, sheet, mattress cover.

Question 29

Identify methods for moving an injured person?

Answer 29

One or Two Person Drag.
Hawes Carry.
Two Person Arm Carry.
Two Person Fore and Aft Carry.

Question 30

State the precautions for removing a victim from an energized circuit?

Answer 30

Do not touch anything conducting electricity, including the body.
Remove energized wire with Dry, non-conducting object.
Always stand on non-conducting material.

Question 31

State the precautions for rescuing a victim overcome by toxic fumes?

Answer 31

Use a mask that provides oxygen or protects from fumes. Use a device to detect fumes and oxygen insufficiency.