day 9 slides

Question 1

P-value explains the likelihood that what is true?

Answer 1

the null hypothesis

Question 2

When do you reject the null hypothesis?

Answer 2

when p-value is less than 0.05

Question 3

What does Cohen’s D explain?

Answer 3

practical significance instead of just statistical significance

Question 4

What is Bonferonni correction?

Answer 4

helps you to control for confounding errors; take the p-value and divide by the number of items you are evaluating

Question 5

type 1 error is a ____?

Answer 5

false positive

Question 6

type II error is a ____?

Answer 6

false negative

Question 7

greater power = more ____

Answer 7

confidence

Question 8

whenever we up the sample size, what happens to power?

Answer 8

increases

Question 9

if we decrease standard deviation, what happens to power?

Answer 9

increase power

Question 10

the larger the effect size, the greater the ____

Answer 10

power

Question 11

Effect size of less than .2 is considered ____

Answer 11

small

Question 12

Effect size of .2-.5 is considered _____

Answer 12

medium range

Question 13

Effect size greater than .8 is considered ____

Answer 13

large

Question 14

What is mortality?

Answer 14

number of deaths, person-centric

Question 15

what is morbidity?

Answer 15

state of being symptomatic, illness-centric

Question 16

What is incidence?

Answer 16

new cases per population at risk

Question 17

What does incidence tell you?

Answer 17

tells you risk of contracting the disease

Question 18

Incidence does or does not depend on duration of illness?

Answer 18

does not

Question 19

incidence reporting is preferred when studying what?

Answer 19

cause and effect short-term diseases

Question 20

what is prevalanece?

Answer 20

all cases in the. population at risk, new and old cases

Question 21

what does prevalence tell you?

Answer 21

tells you how widespread the disease is

Question 22

Prevalence does or does not depend on the duration of disease?

Answer 22

does, a long duration will eventually increase the prevalence

Question 23

prevalence reporting is preferred when studying what?

Answer 23

estimating population based burden of chronic disease or attribute (example: smoking)

Question 24

what are used to quantify the quality of a study?

Answer 24

critical appraisal tools

Question 25

critical appraisal tool for randomized trials?

Answer 25

CONSORT

Question 26

critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews, RCTs, qualitative studies?

Answer 26

CEBM

Question 27

critical appraisal tool for observational studies?

Answer 27

STROBE checklists

Question 28

critical appraisal tool qualitative studies?

Answer 28

McMaster tool

Question 29

Critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews?

Answer 29

PRISMA

Question 30

critical appraisal tool for trials, reviews, guidelines?

Answer 30

PEDro

Question 31

What are SORT guidelines?

Answer 31

comprehensive taxonomy for evaluating the strength of a recommendation based on a body of evidence and the quality of an individual study

Question 32

What does SORT stand for?

Answer 32

Strength of recommendation taxonomy

Question 33

SORT recommendation is based on what three things?

Answer 33

quality, quantity, and consistency of the evidence in the literature

Question 34

What are the three levels of SORT evidence?

Answer 34

Level 1- good quality patient-oriented evidence

Level 2- limited-quality patient oriented evidence

Level 3- other evidence

Question 35

What does CONSORT stand for?

Answer 35

CONsolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials

Question 36

What is the purpose of CONSORT?

Answer 36

to alleviate the problems arising from inadequate reporting of RCTs

Question 37

What is the focus of CONSORT?

Answer 37

RCTs with direct patient consideration; validates studies so that providers can trust the evidence within clinical trials

Question 38

What is the focus of CONSORT?

Answer 38

RCTs with direct patient consideration; validates studies so that providers can trust the evidence within clinical trials