Day 7-8 - ADHD Flashcards
What are 3 common arguments for why ADHD isn’t “real”?
- product of western culture
- unrealistic expectations regarding children’s behaviour
- pharmaceutical industry (money making scheme)
What are 2 arguments that counter suggestions that ADHD isn’t real?
- ADHD prevalence is similar worldwide
- presence of ADHD is associated w marked impairments (problems w peers, school failure, mortality)
Use of stimulants to treat ADHD is __x higher in NA than in the rest of the world
5x
(T/F) there is a global inattention problem in ADHD
FALSE (sometimes only inattention for less enjoyable tasks)
Distinguish hyperactivity and impulsivity
Hyperactivity: inability to inhibit dominant or ongoing behaviour
Impulsivity: inability to control immediate reactions or thinking before acting
What are the 9 inattention symptoms of ADHD?
- Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, at work, or during other activities
- Often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities
- Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
- Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace
- Often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities
- Often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort
- Often loses things necessary for tasks or activities
- Is often easily distracted by extraneous stimuli
- Is often forgetful in daily activities
What are the 9 hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms of ADHD?
- Often fidgets with or taps hands or feet or squirms in seat.
- Often leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected
- Often runs about or climbs in situations where it is inappropriate (In adolescents or adults, may be limited to feeling restless)
- Often unable to play or engage in leisure activities quietly.
- Is often “on the go,” acting as if “driven by a motor”
- Often talks excessively.
- Often blurts out answers before a question has been completed
- Often has difficulty waiting his or her turn
- Often interrupts or intrudes on others
What are the 3 subtypes of ADHD?
- Primarily Inattentive (ADHD-PI)
- Primarily Hyperactive (ADHD-HI)
- Combined (ADHD-C)
How many symptoms does one need to display to be diagnosed with ADHD?
- 6 in one category or 6 in both for ADHD-C
- 5 for ages 17+
For ADHD to be diagnosed, what are 4 additional criteria required beyond symptoms?
- symptoms continue for at least 6 months
- persistence, impairment, and non-normative
- several symptoms present before age 12
- several symptoms present in at least 2 settings
(T/F) ADHD diagnosis with the DSM-5 is only categorical
FALSE(ish) - specifiers for severity are kinda dimensional
WHy do we often not ask young children for self-reports when conducting an ADHD assessment?
- not reliable
- they will underreport symptoms
The K-SADS is a ______ method for assessing ADHD
semi-structured interview
The SNAP-IV is a _____ method for assessing ADHD
parent/teacher rating scale
When you look at parent or teacher reports of ADHD alone, which subtypes are most often diagnosed?
ADHD-PI and ADHD-HI
ADHD is mainly assessed using ___ and ___
interviews and rating scales
Newer research has suggested that about 50% of those with ADHD-PI who have never displayed HI symptoms might actually have _____
cognitive disengagement syndrome (sluggish cognitive tempo)
Cognitive disengagement syndrome symptoms are:
- (more/less) correlated w each other than with symptoms of other disorders like ADHD
- have (high/low) internal reliability
- have (good/poor) test-retest reliability
- are evident (cross-culturally/only in NA)
- MORE correlated w each other than with symptoms of other disorders like ADHD
- have HIGH internal reliability
- have GOOD test-retest reliability
- are evident cross-culturally
Research inspired by RDOC looking at how neurobiology and temperament are associated w ADHD has suggested a ____ subtype of ADHD
irritable subtype
- The point prevalence of ADHD in school-age children in NA -is between __ and __%
- The 6 month prevalence of ADHD in 4-11y/o in Ontario study was ____%
- The national comorbidity survey found that the lifetime prevalence for ADHD in adolescents was ___%
- 5-9%
- 10.5%
- 8.7%
What is the overall prevalence of ADHD-C, ADHD-HI, and ADHD-PI? How do these numbers change if we use the “or” vs the “and” rule?
- ADHD-C: 3.4% (“or”: 5.1%, “and”: 0.8%)
- ADHD-HI: 0.8% (“or”: 2.1%, “and”: 1.9%)
- ADHD-PI: 1.8% (“or”: 6.7%, “and”: 2.1%)
(T/F) ADHD is more prevalent among children living in poverty
TRUE, slightly more prevalent
In the community, rates of ADHD have a __ boys:__girls ratio
In clinics, rates of ADHD have a __ boys:__girls ratio
- community: 3:1
- clinics: 6:1
How does ADHD symptom presentation vary by gender?
- in community, boys more likely to be diagnosed for all subtypes, but wider gap for ADHD-C and ADHD-HI
- don’t see same diffs in clinically referred samples
