Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC 412 > Day 17-18 - Intellectual Disability > Flashcards

Day 17-18 - Intellectual Disability Flashcards

1
Q

What was the first IQ test?

A

Stanford-Binet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Distinguish cognitive abilities and intelligence

A
  • cognitive abilities: set of mental processes which improve and degrade over course of lifetime
  • intelligence: measured quantity summarizing person’s ability to apply knowledge and skills
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Distinguish fluid vs crystallized intelligence

A
  • fluid: ability to reason/solve novel problems
  • crystallized: use of knowledge acquired thru school/life exp
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is mental age?

A

level of age-graded problems child can solve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Models of intelligence that use g are examples of ____ views of intelligence

A

hierarchical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Wechsler Intelligence Scales are an example of ___ views of intelligence

A

hierarchical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 5 primary index scales in the WISC that make up FSIQ?

A
  • verbal comprehension (similarities + vocab)
  • visual spatial (block design + visual puzzles)
  • fluid reasoning (matrix reasoning + figure weights)
  • working memory (digit span + picture span)
  • processing speed (coding + symbol search)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the M and SD for IQ scores

A

100; 15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nearly __% of people have IQ scores between 70 and 130

A

95%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

At what age is IQ strongly predictive of later IQ

A

4!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

(T/F) infant IQ is never useful in predicting later IQ

A

FALSE, predictive in kids w moderate-severe ID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are 3 possible differences for racial-ethnic disparities in IQ scores?

A
  • bias in tests
  • environmental differences among groups
  • stereotype threat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

(T/F) biases in IQ tests are due to verbal aspects

A

FALSE, NV aspects also biased!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

(T/F) racial-ethnic diffs in IQ scores are entirely explained by stereotype threat and environmental differences

A

FALSE (not clear what else is going on)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are 2 main criticisms of traditional IQ tests

A
  • test knowledge ass w cultural majority
  • focus on processing speed (partial solution is GAI which provides estimate less reliant on processing speed and working memory)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

We can understand Gardner’s theory of intelligence as asking _______? instead of “how smart are you?”

A

how are you smart?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are Gardner’s 8 dimensions of intelligence

A
  • logical-mathematical
  • linguistic-verbal
  • interpersonal
  • intrapersonal
  • naturalistic
  • visual-spatial
  • bodily-kinesthetic
  • musical-rhythmic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the components of Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence?

A
  • creative intelligence
  • practical intelligence
  • analytic intelligence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is successful intelligence and what was it based on

A
  • came after Sternberg’s Triarchic theory
  • successful intelligence is when all 3 components are good
  • allows one to establish and achieve goals, optimize strengths and minimize weaknesses, and adapt to environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In DSM5 ID is defined by ____ rather than strictly by ___

A

adaptive functioning; IQ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the Flynn effect?

A
  • general rise of pop IQ (3pts ish per decade) so have to rebalance assessments
22
Q

What is required for a diagnosis of Intellectual Developmental Disorder?

A
  • deficits in intellectual functioning
  • deficits in adaptive functioning
  • onset during developmental period
23
Q

WHat is the IQ cutoff for an ID diagnosis?

A
  • used to be 65-75
  • now no clear cut rule, but diagnosis not appropriate for those w substantially higher IQ
24
Q

What are the levels of severity in ID based on?

A

adaptive functioning (used to be IQ)

25
Q

What are the 3 domains of adaptive functioning?

A
  • conceptual skills (eg language, money)
  • social skills (rule following, interpersonal)
  • practical skills (daily living)
26
Q

“Mild” ID:
- applies to about __% of ppl w ID
- is typically identified ____
- is more likely in kids from ____

A
  • applies to about 85% of ppl w ID
  • is typically identified in later elementary years
  • is more likely in kids from lower SES
27
Q

“Moderate” ID:
- applies to about __% of ppl w ID
- is typically identified ____
- applies to many ppl w _____
- more apparent difficulties with ___

A
  • applies to about 10% of ppl w ID
  • is typically identified during preschool years
  • applies to many ppl w Down’s syndrome
  • more apparent difficulties with adaptive functioning
28
Q

“Severe” ID:
- applies to about __% of ppl w ID
- is typically identified ____
- is often associated with ____

A
  • applies to about 3-4% of ppl w ID
  • is typically identified at a very young age
  • is often associated with clear organic cause
29
Q

“Profound” ID:
- applies to about __% of ppl w ID
- is typically identified ____
- is often associated with ____

A
  • applies to about 1-2% of ppl w ID
  • is typically identified in infancy
  • is often associated with clear organic cause and co-occurring medical conditions
30
Q

Community estimates of ID range from __ to __%

A

1-3%

31
Q

(T/F) all severities of ID are more prevalent in low SES groups

A

FALSE, only mild ID

32
Q

What are gender differences in ID prevalence?

A
  • slightly more males (mainly for mild ID)
33
Q

The heritability of intelligence is about __%

A

50%

34
Q

What is the most common cause of severe ID?

A

chromosomal abnormalities

35
Q

What are 3 key types of chromosomal abnormalities contributing to ID?

A
  • Down syndrome (trisomy 21, usually random)
  • prader-willi and angelman (chomosome 15, usually random)
  • Fragile X syndrome (inherited)
36
Q

What is Phenylketonuria?

A
  • PKU
  • single gene problem leading to ID
  • inherited
  • can’t metabolize amino acid phenylalanine, rising levels are toxic and impact intellectual dev (can manage w diet)
37
Q

What are the 3 types of neurobiological injury that can lead to ID?

A
  • prenatal (eg fetal alcohol)
  • perinatal (eg anoxia at birth)
  • postnatal (eg head injury)
38
Q

Heritability estimates for ID (increase/decrease) when SES is lower

A

DECREASE

39
Q

___% of ppl w ID have Down’s syndrome

A

15-20%

40
Q

What are the key characteristics of Down syndrome?

A
  • symbolic abilities intact
  • delay in expressive language (weaker than receptive)
  • fewer signals of distress or desire for proximity to caregiver
  • delayed but positive dev of self-recognition
  • delayed and aberrant functioning of internal state language
41
Q

Rates of emotional and behavioral problems are __x greater in kids with ID

A

3-7x

42
Q

What are the 3 most common psychiatric diagnoses in youth w ID

A
  • impulse control disorders
  • anxiety disorders
  • mood disorders
43
Q

What 3 specific disorders/symptoms are more common in ID?

A
  • ADHD
  • Pica
  • Self-injurious behaviour
44
Q

Life expectancy of ppl w Down’s is now reaching __yrs

A

60

45
Q

What 2 chronic health conditions are most common in kids w ID?

A
  • epilepsy
  • cerebral palsy
46
Q

What are 3 ways to prevent ID risk via prenatal care?

A
  • reduce prenatal neurobio injury
  • increase gestation time
  • plan for uncomplicated delivery
46
Q

What are 2 ways to prevent ID risk via early childhood care/education?

A
  • safe environments (no lead paint)
  • stimulating environments (educational enrichment)
47
Q

There is approx a ___ word gap between parents w advanced degrees vs parents receiving social assistance in words addressed to toddlers in the first 3 years of life

A

30 million!!!

48
Q

What was the Carolina Abecedarian project? What did they find?

A
  • low income families
  • randomly assigned infants to receive full-time educational intervention @ project daycare OR cared for at home or other center
  • intervention lasted 5yrs
  • by age 2, kids in project program have higher IQ and academic achievement scores
  • differences maintained over time! (up to 21y!!)
  • higher % of intervention kids went to college
49
Q

(T/F) educational enrichment programs work really well but are not cost-effective

A

FALSE, actually shows public gains from these programs bc less crime and more taxes paid!

50
Q

What 3 individual or family oriented approaches are used to treat ID?

A
  • ABA
  • CBT (trying to teach strategies and reasoning)
  • family-oriented
51
Q
A

PSYC 412 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions