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PSYC 412 > Day 17-18 - Intellectual Disability > Flashcards

Day 17-18 - Intellectual Disability Flashcards

1
Q

What was the first IQ test?

A

Stanford-Binet

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2
Q

Distinguish cognitive abilities and intelligence

A
  • cognitive abilities: set of mental processes which improve and degrade over course of lifetime
  • intelligence: measured quantity summarizing person’s ability to apply knowledge and skills
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3
Q

Distinguish fluid vs crystallized intelligence

A
  • fluid: ability to reason/solve novel problems
  • crystallized: use of knowledge acquired thru school/life exp
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4
Q

What is mental age?

A

level of age-graded problems child can solve

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5
Q

Models of intelligence that use g are examples of ____ views of intelligence

A

hierarchical

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6
Q

Wechsler Intelligence Scales are an example of ___ views of intelligence

A

hierarchical

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7
Q

What are the 5 primary index scales in the WISC that make up FSIQ?

A
  • verbal comprehension (similarities + vocab)
  • visual spatial (block design + visual puzzles)
  • fluid reasoning (matrix reasoning + figure weights)
  • working memory (digit span + picture span)
  • processing speed (coding + symbol search)
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8
Q

What is the M and SD for IQ scores

A

100; 15

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9
Q

Nearly __% of people have IQ scores between 70 and 130

A

95%

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10
Q

At what age is IQ strongly predictive of later IQ

A

4!

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11
Q

(T/F) infant IQ is never useful in predicting later IQ

A

FALSE, predictive in kids w moderate-severe ID

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12
Q

What are 3 possible differences for racial-ethnic disparities in IQ scores?

A
  • bias in tests
  • environmental differences among groups
  • stereotype threat
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13
Q

(T/F) biases in IQ tests are due to verbal aspects

A

FALSE, NV aspects also biased!

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14
Q

(T/F) racial-ethnic diffs in IQ scores are entirely explained by stereotype threat and environmental differences

A

FALSE (not clear what else is going on)

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15
Q

What are 2 main criticisms of traditional IQ tests

A
  • test knowledge ass w cultural majority
  • focus on processing speed (partial solution is GAI which provides estimate less reliant on processing speed and working memory)
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16
Q

We can understand Gardner’s theory of intelligence as asking _______? instead of “how smart are you?”

A

how are you smart?

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17
Q

What are Gardner’s 8 dimensions of intelligence

A
  • logical-mathematical
  • linguistic-verbal
  • interpersonal
  • intrapersonal
  • naturalistic
  • visual-spatial
  • bodily-kinesthetic
  • musical-rhythmic
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18
Q

What are the components of Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence?

A
  • creative intelligence
  • practical intelligence
  • analytic intelligence
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19
Q

What is successful intelligence and what was it based on

A
  • came after Sternberg’s Triarchic theory
  • successful intelligence is when all 3 components are good
  • allows one to establish and achieve goals, optimize strengths and minimize weaknesses, and adapt to environment
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20
Q

In DSM5 ID is defined by ____ rather than strictly by ___

A

adaptive functioning; IQ

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21
Q

What is the Flynn effect?

A
  • general rise of pop IQ (3pts ish per decade) so have to rebalance assessments
22
Q

What is required for a diagnosis of Intellectual Developmental Disorder?

A
  • deficits in intellectual functioning
  • deficits in adaptive functioning
  • onset during developmental period
23
Q

WHat is the IQ cutoff for an ID diagnosis?

A
  • used to be 65-75
  • now no clear cut rule, but diagnosis not appropriate for those w substantially higher IQ
24
Q

What are the levels of severity in ID based on?

A

adaptive functioning (used to be IQ)

25
What are the 3 domains of adaptive functioning?
- conceptual skills (eg language, money) - social skills (rule following, interpersonal) - practical skills (daily living)
26
"Mild" ID: - applies to about __% of ppl w ID - is typically identified ____ - is more likely in kids from ____
- applies to about 85% of ppl w ID - is typically identified in later elementary years - is more likely in kids from lower SES
27
"Moderate" ID: - applies to about __% of ppl w ID - is typically identified ____ - applies to many ppl w _____ - more apparent difficulties with ___
- applies to about 10% of ppl w ID - is typically identified during preschool years - applies to many ppl w Down's syndrome - more apparent difficulties with adaptive functioning
28
"Severe" ID: - applies to about __% of ppl w ID - is typically identified ____ - is often associated with ____
- applies to about 3-4% of ppl w ID - is typically identified at a very young age - is often associated with clear organic cause
29
"Profound" ID: - applies to about __% of ppl w ID - is typically identified ____ - is often associated with ____
- applies to about 1-2% of ppl w ID - is typically identified in infancy - is often associated with clear organic cause and co-occurring medical conditions
30
Community estimates of ID range from __ to __%
1-3%
31
(T/F) all severities of ID are more prevalent in low SES groups
FALSE, only mild ID
32
What are gender differences in ID prevalence?
- slightly more males (mainly for mild ID)
33
The heritability of intelligence is about __%
50%
34
What is the most common cause of severe ID?
chromosomal abnormalities
35
What are 3 key types of chromosomal abnormalities contributing to ID?
- Down syndrome (trisomy 21, usually random) - prader-willi and angelman (chomosome 15, usually random) - Fragile X syndrome (inherited)
36
What is Phenylketonuria?
- PKU - single gene problem leading to ID - inherited - can't metabolize amino acid phenylalanine, rising levels are toxic and impact intellectual dev (can manage w diet)
37
What are the 3 types of neurobiological injury that can lead to ID?
- prenatal (eg fetal alcohol) - perinatal (eg anoxia at birth) - postnatal (eg head injury)
38
Heritability estimates for ID (increase/decrease) when SES is lower
DECREASE
39
___% of ppl w ID have Down's syndrome
15-20%
40
What are the key characteristics of Down syndrome?
- symbolic abilities intact - delay in expressive language (weaker than receptive) - fewer signals of distress or desire for proximity to caregiver - delayed but positive dev of self-recognition - delayed and aberrant functioning of internal state language
41
Rates of emotional and behavioral problems are __x greater in kids with ID
3-7x
42
What are the 3 most common psychiatric diagnoses in youth w ID
- impulse control disorders - anxiety disorders - mood disorders
43
What 3 specific disorders/symptoms are more common in ID?
- ADHD - Pica - Self-injurious behaviour
44
Life expectancy of ppl w Down's is now reaching __yrs
60
45
What 2 chronic health conditions are most common in kids w ID?
- epilepsy - cerebral palsy
46
What are 3 ways to prevent ID risk via prenatal care?
- reduce prenatal neurobio injury - increase gestation time - plan for uncomplicated delivery
46
What are 2 ways to prevent ID risk via early childhood care/education?
- safe environments (no lead paint) - stimulating environments (educational enrichment)
47
There is approx a ___ word gap between parents w advanced degrees vs parents receiving social assistance in words addressed to toddlers in the first 3 years of life
30 million!!!
48
What was the Carolina Abecedarian project? What did they find?
- low income families - randomly assigned infants to receive full-time educational intervention @ project daycare OR cared for at home or other center - intervention lasted 5yrs - by age 2, kids in project program have higher IQ and academic achievement scores - differences maintained over time! (up to 21y!!) - higher % of intervention kids went to college
49
(T/F) educational enrichment programs work really well but are not cost-effective
FALSE, actually shows public gains from these programs bc less crime and more taxes paid!
50
What 3 individual or family oriented approaches are used to treat ID?
- ABA - CBT (trying to teach strategies and reasoning) - family-oriented
51

PSYC 412 (9 decks)

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