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STS > Day 4 Bas Chem > Flashcards

Day 4 Bas Chem Flashcards

1
Q

Study of substance

A

Basic chemistry

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2
Q

Building blocks of matter - Basic unit of matter

A

Atom

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3
Q

Positively charged particle

A

Protons

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4
Q

Negatively charged particle

A

Electrons

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5
Q

Neutrally charged particle

A

Neutrons

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6
Q

Does not occupy a space and does not have a mass

A

Non-matter

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7
Q

Anything that occupies space (volume) and has mass

A

Matter

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8
Q

matter made up of all the same type of atom or all the same molecules

A

pure substance

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9
Q

made up of one type of atom, cannot be broken down

A

elements

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10
Q

lightest, most abundant element and the first element in the periodic table

A

Hydrogen

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11
Q

118th element

A

Oganesson

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12
Q

Classification of elements

A

Metals
Non-metals
Metalloids

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13
Q

usually solid and are GOOD CONDUCTORS OF HEAT AND ELECTRICITY. metals except mercury and gallium

A

Metals

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14
Q

Poor conductors of heat and electricity. Example: Oxygen, carbon, bromine, sulfur, and many other

A

Non-metals

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15
Q

Have both properties of metals and non-metals

A

Metalloids

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16
Q

Chemical combination of atoms, can be broken down

A

Compounds

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17
Q

made up of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. a compound

A

water

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18
Q

class of organic compound characterized by hydroxyl bonded to an alkyl group

A

alcohol

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19
Q

cologne and perfume

A

hydroxyl

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20
Q

fragrance and flavoring

A

ester

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21
Q

chemical bonding

A

covalent bonds
ionic bonds

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22
Q

sharing of electrons, bonding two or more non-metals. example: h2o, ch4, co2

A

covalent bonds

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23
Q

transfer of electrons. bonding between metals and non-metals. example: NaCi (Sodium Chloride), NaF (Sodium Fluoride)

A

Ionic Bonds

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24
Q

signifying a metal

A

+um

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25
Q

type of matter consisting two or more different substances that have been combined WITHOUT CHEMICAL BONDING taking place, just a PHYSICAL BONDING

A

Mixture

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26
Q

single phase, uniform phase

A

homogenous mixture

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27
Q

term signifying homogenous mixture

A

solution

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28
Q

water + sugar

A

sugar solution

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29
Q

water + salt

A

brine

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30
Q

mixtures that are visually distinguished

A

heterogenous mixture

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31
Q

particles that do not settle. ex: milk, cloud and fog

A

colloid

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32
Q

larger particles that eventually settle out. ex: chocolate milk, and orange juice

A

suspension

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33
Q

states of matter

A

solid
liquid
gas
plasma

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34
Q

colloid reflecting light

A

tyndall effect

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35
Q

has definite shape and volume, particles tightly packed, have very little energy, particles vibrate

A

solid

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36
Q

has definite volume but no definite (takes the shape of the container), particles are loosely packed, medium energy level, particles flow around

A

liquid

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37
Q

does not have definite volume and shape. free particles move freely and have a lots of energy.

A

gas

38
Q

a very hot gas of nuclei and electrons, superheated gas, 4th form of matter

A

plasma

39
Q

super cold at absolute zero temperature. a theoretical state

A

bose-einstein condensate

40
Q

chemical composition remains the same. size, shape, or amount

A

physical change

41
Q

physical change, changes in matter

A

freezing
melting
evaporation
condensation
sublimation
deposition

42
Q

liquid to solid

A

freezing

43
Q

solid to liquid

A

melting

44
Q

liquid to gas

A

evaporation

45
Q

gas to liquid (precipitation in clouds)

A

condensation

46
Q

solid to gas

A

sublimation

47
Q

gas to solid

A

deposition

48
Q

chemical composition has been altered or a chemical reaction has taken place

A

chemical change

49
Q

types of chemical reaction

A

synthesis
decomposition
substitution
double decomposition
endothermic reaction (needs energy)
exothermic reaction (releases energy)

50
Q

reaction between two or more simple substances to FORM A SINGLE PRODUCT

A

Synthesis

51
Q

single reactant is broken down into TWO OR MORE PRODUCTS

A

decomposition

52
Q

a more active element replaces a less active element in a compound

A

substitution

53
Q

interchange of two parts or two substances to form two new substances

A

double decomposition

54
Q

AB + energy -> A+B

A

Endothermic decomposition

55
Q

AB -> A + B + energy

A

exothermic decomposition

56
Q

pH value of acids

A

-7

57
Q

pH value of bases

A

+7

58
Q

pH value of neutral

A

7

59
Q

study of matter and energy and their relationship

A

physics

60
Q

time

A

second
s

61
Q

mass

A

grams
g

62
Q

distance

A

meter
m

63
Q

volume

A

liter or cubic meter
L or m3

64
Q

pressure

A

pascal
pa

65
Q

quantity of matter in an object; can be measured in kg

A

mass

66
Q

the pull of gravity; can be measured in N (Newton)

A

weight

67
Q

continuous change in position

A

motion

68
Q

Newton’s Laws of Motion

A

Law of Inertia
Law of Attraction
Law of Interaction

69
Q

every object continues in its state of rest or uniform motion with constant speed in a straight line, UNLESS ACTED UPON BY UNBALANCED EXTERNAL FORCES impressed upon

A

Law of Inertia

70
Q

When enough force is applied, the object will accelerate

A

Law of Acceleration

71
Q

To every action there is always an OPPOSITE OR EQUAL REACTION

A

Law of Interaction

72
Q

Capacity to do work

A

energy

73
Q

energy at rest. has the potential to fall or move

A

potential energy

74
Q

energy in motion

A

kinetic energy

75
Q

energy cannot be created or destroyed. only transformed into another formed of energy

A

conservation of energy

76
Q

study of heat and its transformation to different forms of energy. higher to lower until equilibrium. hot to cold.

A

thermodynamics

77
Q

methods of heat transfer

A

conduction
convection
radiation

78
Q

transmission of heat with DIRECT contact. feet to sand

A

conduction

79
Q

heat transfer through AIR AND WATER CURRENTS. hot air rises, cold air sinks

A

convection

80
Q

heat transfer through RAYS OR WAVES

A

radiation

81
Q

example of electromagnetic wave

A

light

82
Q

speed of light

A

3.0 x 10*8 m/s

83
Q

faster than sound. travels fast in vacuum.

A

light

84
Q

separation of white light by prims into bands of colors. roygbiv

A

dispersion

85
Q

bending of light as it passes through an OBSTRUCTION

A

diffraction

86
Q

overlapping of light waves

A

interference

87
Q

when light bounces off an object

A

reflection

88
Q

when light changes direction as it passes through a medium

A

refraction

89
Q

a mechanical wave

A

sound

90
Q

cannot travel in vacuum

A

sound

STS (4 decks)

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