Day 2 Hum sys Flashcards
Two types of digestion
Physical
Chemical
Digestion with chewing of food in the mouth. Also known as MECHANICAL DIGESTION
Physical digestion
Breakdown of large food molecules by ENZYMES
Chemical digestion
Throat (PT)
Pharynx
Passes food from your throat to your stomach
Esophagus
Mixed food and gastric juices
Chyme
Contains chyme
Stomach
Final place of digestion
Small intestine
Finger-like structures
Villi
also known as the COLON, water absorption, production of Vit. K, ends in rectum
Large intestine
Ending of large intestine
Rectum
Passageway in defecation
Anus
Largest internal organ in the body that creates BILE (emulsification of fats)
Liver
Stores the bile
Gall bladder
Secrete enzymes (such as insulin) for final digestion of food
Pancreas
Transport blood to other parts of the body
Circulatory System
Pumps blood
Heart
Bring blood BACK to the heart
Vein
Bring blood AWAY from the heart
Artery
contains of blood cells (RBC, WBC, Platelets) and plasma
Blood
RBC is red because of ___
hemoglobin
Protein for blood clotting
Fibrinogen
Vitamin for blood clotting
Vitamin K
Mineral for blood clotting
Calcium
Vitamin needed for RBC production
Vitamin B12
Supplies body with oxygen, and release carbon dioxide as waste
Respiratory system
Inhale, takes oxygen in
Inspiration
Exhale, release Co2 out
Expiration
Warms and moisten air, traps dirt
Nose
Passageway for both air and food
Pharynx (Throat)
Prevents the entrance of food to trachea
Epiglottis
Voice box
Larynx
This is where vocal chords are found
Larynx
Windpipe
Trachea
The main organ of the respiratory system
Lungs
Regulates body and maintains homeostasis (internal balance) through HORMONES
Endocrine system
What organ releases insulin
Pancreas
Hormone responsible for love and trust
Oxytocin
Union of sex cells (GAMETES) or union of sperm and egg (OVUM) forming ZYGOTE
Fertilization
One egg, one sperm
Identical
Two egg, two sperm
Fraternal
Sperm and ovum meet inside TEST TUBE
In vitro fertilization
Sperm and ovum meet inside the BODY
In vivo fertilization
Controls sensory and motor functions. Memory and emotions.
Nervous system
Spinal cord and brain
Nervous system
The basic unit of nervous system
Neurons
Brain parts
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain stem
Voluntary activities, largest, intelligences, learning, judgment
cerebrum
involuntary, balance, coordination
cerebellum
connects brain and spinal cord, involuntary, life sustaining activities: BREATHING, heart rate, blood pressure, swallowing
brain stem
Responsible for breating
Medulla Oblongata
Protects and supports body parts. Blood cell production on bone marrows. Calcium and phosphorus storage
Skeletal system
Bones
206
Moves limbs and other parts of the body. Moves substances through the body.
Muscular system
Three types of muscular tissue
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle
Muscle for involuntary (found in stomach and intestine)
Smooth muscle
Muscle for involuntary, found in the heart
Cardiac muscle
Muscle for voluntary found in our limbs
Skeletal muscle
Removes metabolic waste from the body
Excretory system
Main excretory organ, produces urine
Kidney
Movement of water across the cell membrane
Osmosis
Water comes inside the cell. SWELL, BRUST, LYSED
Hypotonic solution
No net movement of water
Isotonic solution
Water goes outside of the cell. SHRINK, SHIVEL, DEHYDRATED
Hypertonic solution
Body covering, protects from UV rays.
Integumentary system
Nail, skin, hair
Integumentary system
Largest organ in the human body
Skin
The study of ecosystem
Ecology
Relationship between living (biotic) things and non-living (abiotic) things
Ecosystem
Biotic components of ecosystem
Producers
Consumers
Decomposers
Can make their own food. Example: plants
Producers or autotrophs
obtain food from another organisms
Consumers or heterotrophs
Plant eaters
Herbivores
Feed on other animals
Carnivores
animals that feed on both plants and animals
Omnivores
feed on decaying and necrotic matter. example: vultures
scavengers
Example: bacteria, fungi. Breakdown dead organisms
Decomposers or saprophytes
Ecological relationship
competition
predation
symbiosis
Sampaguita and mango tree
Competition
Kill to eat. Predator and prey
Predation
Symbiosis
Mutualism
Parasitism
Commensalism
symbiosis where both can benefit
mutualism
symbiosis where there is a parasite and a host
parasitism
neither harmed nor benefited. orchid and narra tree
commensalism
study of genes and heredity
genetics
passing trait from parents to offspring
heredity
Father of Genetics
Gregor Mendel
Physical appearance of an organism (Tall, short, straight)
Phenotype
Genes of a specific character (gg, Gg, HH)
Genotype
HH, TT, tt
Homozygous
Hh, Tt
Heterozygous
It prevents the expression of the other gene/ recessive gene.
Dominant gene (working gene)
expression masked by the presence of a dominant gene. Will only have PHENOTYPIC EXPRESSION IF PRESENT AS A HOMOZYGOUS GENOTYPE
Recessive gene (Non-working gene)
Similar structure, different functions. Human arm, cat leg, seal flipper, bat wing
Homologous organs
Similar function, different structure. Butterfly’s wings and bat wings
Analogous organs
Modification of biological process through HUMAN INTERVENTION
Biotechnology
or transgenic organism
Genetic engineering (GMO)
the use of biotechnology to solve environmental problems
Bioremediation