Day 3 Physical Sci Flashcards
study of everything in the universe
astronomy
planetary motions
revolutions
rotations
all planets REVOLVE around the sun in the same direction. Eastward/ west to east/ counterclockwise
revolution
Some planets ROTATE (spin on the axis) in the same direction except Venus and Uranus (retrograde rotation)
rotation
Leap year happens every __
four years
Inner planets or terrestrial planets
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Asteroid
Nearest planet to the sun. Fastest revolving/ orbiting planet. 1 revolution 88 days. No atmosphere. -200 degrees at night.
Mercury
Brightest, hottest and closest neighboring planet to the Earth. Hottest due to thick atmosphere that traps heat from the sun.
Venus
Has the shape of oblate spheroid. Known as blue planet.
Earth
Red planet in color due to iron oxide
Mars
Mars two small moons
Phobos and Deimos
Located between Mars and Jupiter
Asteroid belt
Outer planets/ Gas planets/ Jovian planets
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Largest planet with 92 moons (now 95). With the great red spot.
Jupiter
Jupiter’s 4 galilean moons
Io
Europa
Ganymede
Callisto
The Ringed planet with rings made of ice, rocks, dusts. Has 83 moons.
Saturn
Largest moon in the solar system
Ganymede
Saturn’s largest moon, second largest in the solar system.
Titan
Planets that are blue due to methane
Uranus
Neptune
Rotates on its side
Uranus
Outermost planet
Neptune
or dwarf planet, found in the Kuiper belt with five moons CHARON, NIX, HYDRA, KERBEROS, STYX.
Pluto
has 1/6 of the Earth’s gravity and 1/4 of its size.
Moon or Luna
The rotation rate matches the revolution, with the same size always facing the Earth
Tidal clock
How many days does the phases of the moon repeat
29.5 days
New to full or increased illumination
Waxing crescent
Full to new moon with minimum light or decreasing
Waning crescent
Happens during the night where the Earth’s shadow fall on the moon. S-E-M
Lunar Eclipse
Happens during the day where the Moon’s shadow fall on Earth. S-M-E
Solar Eclipse
HIGHEST tide and LOWEST tide
Spring tide
LOWER high tides and HIGHER low tides
Neap tide
Moon closest to the Earth
Perigee/ Supermoon
Moon farthest from the Earth
Apogee/ Micromoon
First alive human on the outerspace was performed by
USSR
First satellite on the outerspace
USSR Sputnik 1
First man on the space
Yuri Gagarin
First successful manned mission to the man by Pres. John F. Kennedy
Apollo 11
First men on moon - Apollo 11 mission
Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin
A medium-sized star that has a WHITE color. Nuclear fusion H + H = He + Energy
Sun
Sun is closest to the Earth
Perihelion
Sun is farthest from the Earth
Aphelion
Other objects in the universe
Asteroid - Meteoroid - Meteor - Meteorite
SMALL DEBRIS CHIPPED off from an ASTEROID
Meteoroid
Meteoroid once it enters atmosphere
Meteor
Meteor when it hits land
Meteorite
Elements orbiting the sun, small body of rock, iron, ice, methane, ammonia, carbon dioxide. With tail pointing away from the sun
Comets
a comet that appears every 76 years
Halley’s comet
A ball of hydrogen and helium
star
Hottest star color
Blue
Coolest star color
Red
Group of stars forming a recognizable pattern. Example: Ursa Minor, Orion
Constellation
Nearest star
Proxima star
Brightest star
Sirius
Polaris of the Ursa Minor (Little bear)
Northern star
Largest known star
Stephenson 2-18
Appearance of first dinosaurs and mammals
Triassic Period
Age of Dinosaur
Jurassic Period
The Earth’s layers
Crust
Mantle
Core
It is the thinnest. Earth’s surface. Outermost layer of the Earth.
Crust
Two types of crusts
Oceanic
Continental
Rocky, made up of Si, O, Fe, Mg, Ca. Thickest layer
Mantle
Crust + upper mantle. It is the solid Earth.
Lithosphere
Innermost central part of the Earth.
Core
Primarily made up of iron and NICKEL
Liquid outer core
Made up of iron and is SOLID
Outer core
Who proposed the continental drift theory
Alfred Wegener
Super continent with evidence found in South America and Africa
Pangaea
Any movement of the ground due to volcanic eruption or tectonic plate movement
earthquake
Sequence of earthquake
Foreshock - Mainshock - Aftershock
The point of origin where the movement of the fault happens
Focus
The place above focus
Epicenter
Measurement of ENERGY RELEASED
Magnitude
Used to measure magnitude
Richter Scale by Charles Richter
The damage produced and the reaction of people
Intensity
Used to measure intensity
Mercalli Intensity Scale
Naturally occuring INORGANIC CRYSTALLINE composed of an ordered arrangement of atoms
Mineral
Means resistance to scratch
Hardness
Softest mineral
Talc
Hardest mineral
Diamond
Classification of rocks
Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
Formed from hardened magma or lava
Igneous rocks
formed by the layers of sediments
Sedimentary rocks
coal
sedimentary rock
decayed vegetation
peat
soft brown coal (lowest rank of coal)
lignite
black coal
bituminous
dark, black coal, HIGHEST HEAT-VALUE among the four
anthracite
formed when rocks are subjected to heat and pressure
metamorphic rocks
breaking of rocks
weathering
removal of solids usually occurring due to transport by wind and water
erosion
Five oceans (PAISA)
Pacific
Atlantic
Indian
Southern
Arctic
study of the atmosphere / weather
meteorology
lowermost layer of the atmosphere that produces weather
troposphere
atmosphere where ozone layer is found
stratosphere
protects us from UV rays
ozone layer
destroys ozone layer
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Replaced CFCs
Hydrofluorocarbons
Coldest layer where meteor burnt up. It is the middle.
Mesosphere
Hottest layer where auroras are observed
Thermosphere or Ionosphere
Outermost layer of the atmosphere
Exosphere
The Earth’s magnetic field, protecting it from dangerous charged particles.
magnetosphere
Layers of Atmosphere. Tro, Stra? Me Ther Ex?
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere
Storms
Typhoon
Cyclone
Hurricane
Storms formed in Pacific ocean
Typhoon
storms formed in Indian ocean
Cyclone
storms formed in Atlantic ocean
Hurricane
Made of WATER and are classified based on their SHAPE AND ALTITUDE
clouds
clouds that bring thunderstorms
cumulonimbus
Philippine Monsoons
Amihan (Northwest)
Habagat (Southwest)
Northeast monsoon, September to June (cold and dry) A Ne Cool
Amihan
Southwest monsoon, July to August (warm and humid) Ha SWe Warm
Habagat
caused by Nox and Sox - Nitrogen Oxide and Sulfur Oxide
Acid rain
Thermal blanket
Greenhouse effect
Accumulation of CO2 and other gases which causes the TRAPPING OF HEAT
Greenhouse effect
Increase of CO2 or rapid increase in temperature
Global warming
EASILY IDENTIFIED water pollution through pipelines, SEPTIC TANKS and other wastes poured
Point source pollution
Source CANNOT BE IDENTIFIED or may come from many sources
Non-point source pollution
Causes fish kill because of lack of oxygen. DIMINISHED SEA HARVEST
Eutrophication
Occurs because of the HIGH NUTRIENTS IN THE WATER
Algal bloom
