Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Embryo > Day 3 > Flashcards

Day 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the female reproductive tract include?

A

Ovary, uterine tube, uterus, and vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ovary

A

Paired organs which produce oocytes after puberty and which also have an endocrine function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What hormones do the ovaries secrete?

A
  • estrogen and progesterone (during pregnancy and cycle)
  • relaxin (pregnancy, cause relaxation of ligaments in pelvis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where are the ovaries located?

A

Lateral wall of the true pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Uterine tubes

A

Transport oocytes from ovary to uterus through ciliary action and muscle contraction (3-4 day process)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Infundibulum

A

Funnel shaped portion nearest the ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where are the first and second most common sites for fertilization?

A
  • most common = ampulla
  • second most common = infundibulum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ampulla

A

Longest and widest part of the uterine tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Isthmus

A

Narrowest external part, nearest the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Uterine part

A

Portion of the tube which lies inside the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Abdominal ostium (O.S.)

A

Opening of uterine tube near ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fimbriae

A

Finger like projections around margin of infundibulum
- catches oocyte when released and passes through abdominal ostium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Uterus

A

Fertilized oocyte normally becomes embedded and in which fetal development takes place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What forms the birth canal?

A

Uterus and vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the uterus look like?

A

Variable in size, shape, location, and structure depending on age and number of pregnancies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nulliparous

A

One with no children, walls of uterus are thick, muscular and organ is shaped like inverted pear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fundus of the uterus

A

Rounded part of the uterus located superior to the entrance of the uterine tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Body of uterus

A

Main part of the uterus located inferior to fundus and superior to isthmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Isthmus

A

Narrow, constricted portion between the body and cervix (internal O.S.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cervix

A

Inferior part of the uterus, extends from isthmus to opening in vagina

21
Q

External O.S.

A

Opening of cervical canal into vagina

22
Q

Uterine cavity

A

Within the body of the uterus, it is wide above and narrow below, normal site for implantation

23
Q

Cervical canal

A

Within the cervix and extends from the internal O.S. (Isthmus) to the external O.S.

24
Q

Perimetrium

A

Thin outer peritoneal layer

25
Q

Myometrium

A

Thick, smooth muscle layer

26
Q

Endometrium

A

Thin inner mucosal layer

27
Q

Functional layer

A

Within endometrium, superficial, sheds during menstruation

28
Q

Basilar layer

A

Within endometrium, deep, regenerates functional layer

29
Q

Vagina

A
  • Lower portion of birth canal
  • Communicates with cervical canal through external OS and vestibule below through vaginal oriface
30
Q

What are other words for uterus?

A

Metros and hysteria

31
Q

When does the female reproductive cycle begin?

A

10-13 (puberty)

32
Q

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

A

Produced in hypothalamus and passes to the anterior pituitary gland via the hypophyseal portal system

33
Q

What 2 hormones does GnRH stimulate?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

34
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Stimulates development of ovarian follicles and estrogen secretion by follicular cells

35
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

Initiates ovulation (release of secondary oocyte) and secretion of progesterone by follicular cells and corpus luteum

36
Q

What controls the ovarian cycle?

A

FSH and LH

37
Q

Step 1: follicle development

A
  • hollow, spheroidal CT structures within ovary (contains developing oocyte)
  • puberty increases FSH secretion and stimulates groups of primordial follicles to enlarge and secrete estrogen on a monthly basis (become primary follicles)
38
Q

Primary follicle

A

Begins to enlarge and contains at least 2 layers of cells (only 1 completes maturation each cycle, others degenerate into atretic follicles)

39
Q

Secondary follicle

A

Follicular fluid accumulates among follicular cells, fluid filled space enlarges to form the antrum

40
Q

Mature follicle

A

Dominant follicle of the cycle which eventually bulges from surface of the ovary (large, lots of fluid)

41
Q

What happens during ovulation?

A
  • release of secondary oocyte from mature follicle
  • midcycle surge in LH triggers ovulation, when secondary oocyte is released into peritoneal cavity through rupture of mature follicle
42
Q

Formation of corpus luteum

A
  • after ovulation, LH stimulates empty mature follicle to develop into a glandular structure called corpus luteum
  • secretes progesterone and estrogen to prepare the endometrium for implantation
43
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization doesn’t occur?

A

Involutes 10-12 days after ovulation and is replaced by a small white fibrous scar on the ovary called corpus albicans

44
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does occur?

A

Enlarges and increases its output of progesterone and estrogen to become corpus luteum of pregnancy

45
Q

How does the corpus luteum of pregnancy function?

A
  • maintained by secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin by the trophoblast cells of developing blastocyst
  • remains active through first 20 weeks, then taken over by placenta
46
Q

What effect to fertility drugs have on hormones?

A

Increase output of FSH and LH

47
Q

What do birth control pills and IUD’s provide and how do they work?

A
  • provide estrogen/progesterone
  • work by inhibiting ovulation and thickening cervical mucus
48
Q

How does a copper IUD prevent pregnancy?

A

Copper ions are toxic to sperm

Embryo (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions