Day 1

Question 1

Embryology

Answer 1

Study of early development (development - birth)

Question 2

Prenatal

Answer 2

Before birth

Question 3

Perinatal

Answer 3

Around the time of birth (includes 3rd trimester through first month of life)

Question 4

Postnatal

Answer 4

After birth

Question 5

Fertilization and implantation period

Answer 5

0-2 weeks in utero

Question 6

Embryonic period

Answer 6

3-8 weeks in utero

Question 7

Fetal period

Answer 7

9-38 weeks in utero

Question 8

Infancy

Answer 8

Birth - 1 year

Question 9

Childhood

Answer 9

1 year - puberty (10-13)

Question 10

Do puberty ages vary? Does it happen in males or females quicker?

Answer 10

Yes, quicker in females

Question 11

Adolescence

Answer 11

Puberty - adulthood

Question 12

Adulthood

Answer 12

18-21 years, growth processes stop

Question 13

Neonate

Answer 13

First month after birth

Question 14

Neonatalogy

Answer 14

Pediatric specialty involving disorders of neonates

Question 15

Why do disorders of neonates occur?

Answer 15

Organs don’t complete tasks necessary after birth

Question 16

Teratology

Answer 16

Study of abnormal development

Question 17

Teratogen

Answer 17

Drug/toxin/agent which can cause abnormal development

Question 18

Why are retinoids a teratogen?

Answer 18

Accutane, causes facial, CNS, and cardiac malformation

Question 19

Why is metformin a teratogen?

Answer 19

Diabetes drug, 40% higher risk of birth defects with men’s use prior to conception

Question 20

Which period has the greatest sensitivity to teratogens?

Answer 20

Embryonic period (5 weeks)

Question 21

Proximal and distal directional terms meanings

Answer 21

• proximal = nearer to the trunk
• distal = further from the trunk
• used in extremities

Question 22

Parietal and visceral directional terms meaning

Answer 22

• parietal = relating to the lining of the cavity
• visceral = relating to the covering of an organ
• used when describing membranes

Question 23

Ventral and dorsal directional terms meaning

Answer 23

• ventral = towards belly
• dorsal = towards back of body
• used with embryos

Question 24

Gametogenesis

Answer 24

Process that results in the production of mature sperm and oocytes (gametes -> 2 to make zygote)

Question 25

What does spermatogenesis refer to?

Answer 25

Males

Question 26

What does oogenesis refer to?

Answer 26

Females

Question 27

Mitosis

Answer 27

(Somatic cell division) single cell division and results in cells with a full 46 chromosomes (diploid)

Question 28

Meiosis

Answer 28

(Germ cell division) two cell divisions and results in half the amount of chromosomes (23, haploid)

Question 29

What happens prior to DNA synthesis?

Answer 29

Chromosomes consist of a single strand (chromatid)

Question 30

What happens after DNA synthesis?

Answer 30

Chromosomes consist of 2 chromatids joined at centromere

Question 31

First division of meiosis

Answer 31

Paired chromosomes separate into two daughter cells, each chromosome has two chromatids

Question 32

Second division in meiosis

Answer 32

Each chromosome splits at centromere into two chromatids, each chromatid goes to separate daughter cell

Question 33

What is one way genetic variability is enhanced?

Answer 33

Random assortment of homologous chromosomes to daughter cells

Question 34

What is the second way genetic variability is enhanced?

Answer 34

Crossover: interchange of chromatid segments between homologous chromosomes during first meiotic division, temporary connection known as chiasma

Question 35

What is the third way genetic variability is enhanced?

Answer 35

Male and female genetics at fertilization

Question 36

How many chromosomes does each gamete contain?

Answer 36

23

Question 37

Cranial and caudal embryo directional terms

Answer 37

• cranial/rostral: towards the head
• caudal: towards the back of the body