Day 2 - Embryo

Question 1

PITX2 defects

Answer 1

Situs inversus

Dextrocardia

Question 2

Genes for right sided development

Answer 2

Snail- a zinc finger transcription factor

Repressed by Nodal

Question 3

The trunk is organized by

Answer 3

Notochord

Question 4

Primary neurulation happens when

Answer 4

Weeks 3 and 4

Question 5

Secondary neurulation

Answer 5

Weeks 5 and 6

Question 6

Neurulation signaling molecules

Answer 6

Noggin Chordin WNT3a FGF

Question 7

Notochord signaling molecules inhibit what?

Answer 7

BMP-4

Question 8

CAMs

Answer 8

Help hold cells in a tissue together

Question 9

E-cadherin vs. N-cadherin

Answer 9

• E-cadherin - epidermal, only bind to E-cadherin
• N-cadherin - neural, only bind to N-cadherin

Question 10

• Roof plate secretes _______
• Floor plate secretes ______
• In between secretes ______

Answer 10

• Roof plate = BMP4
• Floor plate = SHH
• In-between = a gradient of both from top to bottom

Question 11

Retinoic Acid

Answer 11

Boundaries/patterning of neural tube and limb development

Question 12

Rachischisis

Answer 12

General term for neural tube defects

Question 13

How many waves of closure are there in neural tube closure?

Answer 13

5

Question 14

Encephalocele

Answer 14

Failures at the junction of waves 4/1

Question 15

Folic acid is thought to prevent what?

Answer 15

Increased homocysteine levels

Question 16

During Gastrulation, what controls cell migration and specification, and what makes this?

Answer 16

FGF8, made by primitive streak cells

Question 17

The hypoblast becomes what type of “-derm”

Answer 17

endoderm

Question 18

Middle layer of cells are called the

Answer 18

Mesoderm

Question 19

Epiblast cells become _____ during gastrulation

Answer 19

ectoderm

Question 20

Body axes are established after gastrulation, True or False?

Answer 20

False, Before and during

Question 21

Anterior Visceral endoderm expresses what transcription factors?

Answer 21

Cerberus and lefty