Day 2 - Embryo Flashcards
PITX2 defects
Situs inversus
Dextrocardia
Genes for right sided development
Snail- a zinc finger transcription factor
Repressed by Nodal
The trunk is organized by
Notochord
Primary neurulation happens when
Weeks 3 and 4
Secondary neurulation
Weeks 5 and 6
Neurulation signaling molecules
Noggin Chordin WNT3a FGF
Notochord signaling molecules inhibit what?
BMP-4
CAMs
Help hold cells in a tissue together
E-cadherin vs. N-cadherin
- E-cadherin - epidermal, only bind to E-cadherin
- N-cadherin - neural, only bind to N-cadherin
- Roof plate secretes _______
- Floor plate secretes ______
- In between secretes ______
- Roof plate = BMP4
- Floor plate = SHH
- In-between = a gradient of both from top to bottom
Retinoic Acid
Boundaries/patterning of neural tube and limb development
Rachischisis
General term for neural tube defects
How many waves of closure are there in neural tube closure?
5
Encephalocele
Failures at the junction of waves 4/1
Folic acid is thought to prevent what?
Increased homocysteine levels
During Gastrulation, what controls cell migration and specification, and what makes this?
FGF8, made by primitive streak cells
The hypoblast becomes what type of “-derm”
endoderm
Middle layer of cells are called the
Mesoderm
Epiblast cells become _____ during gastrulation
ectoderm
Body axes are established after gastrulation, True or False?
False, Before and during
Anterior Visceral endoderm expresses what transcription factors?
Cerberus and lefty
