Dates for Cosmetology Flashcards
Egyptians used minerals insects and berries to create makeup for their eyes, lips, and skin. Henna was used to stain their hair and nails
3000 BC
Many tribes in Africa colored their hair with red earth and wore elaborate hairstyles and head dressing as a symbol of stature
2630 BC
Chinese aristocrats rubbed a tinted mixture of gum arabic, gelatin, beeswax, and egg whites onto their nails to color them crimson or ebony
1600 BC
Queen Nefertiti stained her nails red by dipping her fingertips in henna, wore lavish makeup designs, and used custom blended essential oils as signature scents
1400 BC
Throughout the Chinese Chou dynasty, gold and silver were the royal colors
1100 BC
Marcel Grateau (AKA Francois Marcel) invented the first curling iron– Gas burner-heated tongs. About __ he created an electric version
1872 and 1923
Motion Picture viewers saw pictures of celebrities with flawless complexions, beautiful hairstyles, manicured nails, and standards of feminine beauty began to change
1900”s
Charles Nessler invented a heavily wired machine that supplied electrical current to metal robs around which hair strands were wrapped
1906
Max Factor began making and selling makeup to movie stars that wouldn’t cake or crack, even under hot studio lights
1908
Sarah Breedlove became known as Madame C.J. Walker and sold Madame Walker’s Wonderful Hair Grower. She moved her company to Indianapolis where she built a factory, hair salon, and training school
1910
Max Factor created pancake makeup to make actors’ skin look natural on color film
1935
Arnold F. Willat invented the cold wave that used no machines or heat. The cold wave is considered to be the precursor to the modern perm
1938
Scientists developed another method of permanent waving that used waving lotion. Because this perm did not use heat, it was also called a cold wave
1941
Vidal Sassoon turned the hairstyling world on its ear with his revolutionary geometric cuts
1960’s
Hair color became gentler allowing all ethnicities to enjoy being blonds, brunettes, and redheads
1990’s
Creative nail design introduced the first spa pedicure system to the professional beauty industry
1998
Spas hit their strides as big business. According to the International Spa Association (ISPA) comsumers spen $14.2 billion in about 15,000 destination and day spas
1999
According to a Vance Research Services’ study of 1,500 salon owners, 30% of salons used a computer for business while at work and 44% used it for business at home. 65% of respondents had home internet access, while just 17% had it in their salons
2000
Sebastian International introduced the first consumer oriented DVD to the professional salon industry in order to speak directly to the comsumer
2003
During the Golden Age of Greece, hairstyling became a highly developed art. Greek women applied preparations of white lead onto their faces, kohl around their eyes, and vermillion upon their cheeks and lips
500 BC
Queen Cleopatra took dedication to beauty to an entirely new level by erecting a personal cosmetics factory next to the Dead sea.
50 BC
Persian physician and alchemist, Avicenna, refined the process of steam distillation. This ushered in the modern era of steam-distilled essential oils that we use today
AD 1000
To preserve the health and beauty of the skin, women used beauty masks and packs made from honey, egg, milk, oatmeal, fruits, vegetables, and other natural ingredients
1837-1901
Madame Walker organized a convention for her Madam C.J. Walker Hair Culturists Union of America. This was one of the first national meetings for businesswomen ever held
1917
The cosmetics industry grew rapidly. Advertising expenditures in radio alone went from $390,000 in 1927 to 3.2 million in 1930
1920’s
The preheat perm method was introduced. Hair was wrapped using the croquignole method. Clamps, preheated by a separate electric unit, were then placed over the wound curls
1931
Chemist Ralph L. Evans and Everett G. McDonough pioneered the first machineless permanent wave
1932
Charles Revson of Revlon fame marketed the first nail polish
1932
Lawrence Gelb, a New York Chemist, introduced the first permanent hair color product and founded a company called Clairol
1932
French hairdressers introduced the art of hair weaving using aluminum foil
1970’s
Iconic hairdresser Trevor Sorbie opened his first salon in Covent Garden, England
1979
Makeup went full circle, from barely there to heavily made-up “cat-eyes” and the heavy use of shadows and blush. Also, the salon industry evolved to include day spas, a name that was first coined by beauty legend Noel Decaprio
1980’s
Farouk Sami invented the world’s first ammonia free hair color
1985
The first year the North American Hairstyling Awards was held
1989
Most salons had their own websites and used email to communicate. Point-of-sale software and computerized appointment scheduling were in widespread use
2005
Hair color became the largest hair care category in terms of in-salon, back bar, and take-home color refresher product sales. The green movement takes off in salons, with many positioning themselves as eco salons and spas striving for sustainability. In April, the first American television reality-competition show for salons, Shear Genius, debuted
2007
There was an explosion in salons using social networking sites to do business. Twitter, which was introduced in March 2006, became the next big thing in social networking with clients
2008
Many beauty manufacturers had mobile versions of their websites. Access to instant online technical education and color formulas became common
2009
A Questex or American Salon Better Business Network Survey found that 72.7% of salons in the U.S. offer complimentary Wi-Fi to clients
2013
