DATA PRESENTATION Flashcards
Purposes:
* primary: communicate information about the data to the user
* display data clearly and effectively
* summarize quantities of information
DATA PRESENTATION
Characteristics:
* display data
* avoid distortion of data
* allow the viewer to make comparisons
* allow the reader to think what the data convey
* allows description, exploration, tabulation or decoration
* be closely related to the statistical and verbal description of the data set
DATA PRESENTATION
- describing data by the use of statements with few numbers
- presented in paragraphs or sentences
- explain results and trends, and provide contextual information
Purpose: - to stress or emphasize significant information
Textual Presentation
Advantages:
* gives emphasis to significant data
* use for few data
Disadvantages:
* data becomes incomprehensive when large quantitative data are
included in paragraph
* paragraph involving many figures can be tiresome to most readers when
same words are repeated many times
Textual Presentation
- data are converted into words or numbers in rows and columns
- note: data should never be put in a table if it can be described in 1-2 sentences
Consideration in table construction:
* simplicity
* clarity
* directness
Tabular Presentation
Purposes:
* data checking and editing
* summarizing and presenting data
* basis, aid in graph or chart construction
Tabular Presentation
______ table
* single table which allows the distribution of observations across many
variables of interest in a given study
* each observation is cross classified across the variables which may be
quantitative or qualitative data
Purpose:
* store information with an aim of presenting detailed statistical data
* facilitate generation and tabulation of smaller table
MASTER TABLE
- self-explanatory
- all sources are specified
- headings are specific and understandable for every column & row
Tabular Presentatio
_______ table
* complete except for data
* give preview of what table outputs may be expected from the study
Purpose:
* help researcher clarify instrument
* help protocol reviewer & computer programmer
DUMMY TABLE
Tables by number of variables presented
- One-way table
- Two-way table
- Multi-way table
- pictorial representations of certain quantities plotted with reference to a
set of axes - graphs simplify complex information by using images and emphasizing
data patterns or trends - useful for summarizing, explaining, or exploring quantitative data
- present both large and small amounts of data
Graphical presentation
Advantages:
* easy to understand
* compact and concise than textual form
* presents greater detail of data than graph
* readily points out trends, comparisons and interrelations
* facilitates analysis of categories of given variable
Disadvantages:
* too many rows and columns could make it difficult for the reader to
understand the data
* requires more time to construct
Tabular Presentation
Uses:
* visually summarize the variables (data set is large)
* emphasize particular statement about data set
* enhance readability
* appeal the visual memory
Graphical presentation
- circles subdivided into a number of slices
- area of each slice represents the relative proportion data points falling
into given category - use to show how a
whole is divided
into its component
parts which could
be breakdowns of
groups or totals
Pie chart
- consists of bars of the same sizes
- horizontal or vertical with gaps between to emphasize discontinuities
- also know as one dimensional diagram
Bar graph
