Data Manipulation

Question 1

Georeferencing

Answer 1

Associating a map (such as a pdf without spatial information) or image (such as an aerial image without spatial information) with spatial locations.

Question 2

Data Format Conversion

Answer 2

Such as converting from a vector-based dataset to a raster-based dataset

Question 3

Data Transformation

Answer 3

Converting from the different coordinate systems; Or moving from one data structure to another data structure

Question 4

Generalization can be achieved by

Answer 4

selection; removing details; simplification; dissolve or merge; aggregation; exaggeration

Question 5

Vector (file)

Answer 5

A coordinate-based data model that represents features such as points, lines, and polygons.

Question 6

Raster (file)

Answer 6

It defines space as an array of equally sized cells arranged in rows and columns, single or multiple bands. And each cell contains an attribute value.

Question 7

Vector advantages

Answer 7

represents points, lines, and polygons accurately; more efficient that raster in storage; supports topology; interactive retrieval; enables map generalizations

Question 8

Vector disadvantages

Answer 8

Less intuitively understood; multiple vectors overlays is computationally intensive; display and plotting vectors can be expensive

Question 9

Raster advantages

Answer 9

easy to understand; good to represent surfaces; easy to input and output; easy to draw on a screen; analytical operations are easier

Question 10

Raster disadvantages

Answer 10

Inefficient storage; compression techniques not efficient with variable data; large cells could potentially cause information loss; Poor at representing points, lines, and areas; Each cell can be owned by only one feature; Must include redundant or missing data;

Question 11

Vector formats

Answer 11

Postscript, digital exchange format (CAD); Digital Line Graph (DLG); TIGER; Shapefile; Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG); ArcInfo Coverage; ArcInfo Interchange File (.eoo); Geodatabse.

Question 12

Raster format

Answer 12

Standard; TIFF; GEO-TIFF; GIF; JPEG; DEM; BIP; BIL; RS Landsat;

Question 13

3 Types of Resolution of the Raster File

Answer 13

Spatial resolution; spectral resolution; temporal resolution

Question 14

Spatial resolution

Answer 14

The size of the object that can be resolved and the most usual measure is the pixel size

Question 15

Spectral Resolution

Answer 15

Parts of the electromagnetic spectrum that are measured

Question 16

Temporal Resolution

Answer 16

Repeat cycle. Frequency with which images are collected for the same area.

Question 17

Shapefiles

Answer 17

.shp; .shx; .dbf;. prj; .sbn&sbx; .shp.xml;

Question 18

Geodatabase

Answer 18

.gdb; .mdb

Question 19

Coverage File

Answer 19

point, arc, node, route, route system, section, polygon, and region.

Question 20

IMG

Answer 20

image

Question 21

LiDAR

Answer 21

remote sensing technology that measures distance by illuminating a target with a laser and analyzing the reflected light

Question 22

Cloud

Answer 22

It stores files in the cloud to be accessible anywhere. Editing data can be multi or single-user editing.

Question 23

Integrated Enterprise

Answer 23

Data stored in big business systems to extend their analytical capabilities

Question 24

Data rule and relationships

Answer 24

They define relationships between datasets and set rules (domains and subtypes)

Question 25

Metadata

Answer 25

data’s origin, content, quality, and other characterisitics

Question 26

Secures data

Answer 26

Flexibility and control over how GIS platform is deployed, maintained, secured, and used.

Question 27

Versioning

Answer 27

allows multiple editors to edit one database by creating “duplicates” of the base data. Changes are recorded with addition and deletion tables. Versions can be created or deleted. Edits are isolated in that version until the admin merges the changes. Edits can be posted to parent version.

Question 28

Data integration

Answer 28

Combining data from multiple sources into one unified view