Data Aquisition

Question 1

Primary Data

Answer 1

Collected specifically for the purpose of a researcher’s particular study.

Question 2

Secondary Data

Answer 2

Collected for another purpose by someone other than the researcher.

Question 3

Five Types of Measurements

Answer 3

Physical measurements, observation of behavior, archives, explicit reports, computational modeling.

Question 4

Physical Measurements

Answer 4

Recording the physical properties of the earth or its inhabitants (in size, number, temperature, chemical makeup, moisture, etc.)

Question 5

Observation of behavior

Answer 5

Observable actions or activities of individuals or groups, not thoughts, feelings, or motivations.

Question 6

Archives

Answer 6

Records that have been collected primarily for non-research purposes. Secondary data.

Question 7

Explicit Reports

Answer 7

Beliefs that people express about things (such as, through surveys).

Question 8

Computational Modeling

Answer 8

Models as simplified representations of portions of reality.

Question 9

Quantitative Data

Answer 9

Numerical values, measured on at least an ordinal level but could be on a metric level.

Question 10

Qualitative Data

Answer 10

Nonnumerical or numerical values that have no quantitative meaning

Question 11

Deceptive Mapping

Answer 11

Maps that can be distorted for propaganda, military protection, or ignorance.

Question 12

Layer

Answer 12

Mechanism to display geographic datasets

Question 13

Data Transfer Standards

Answer 13

follow Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS), and Federal Information Processing Standard (173). A robust way of transferring GIS data between computers with information loss, including metadata.

Question 14

Industry Standards of Data Transfer

Answer 14

Typically do not exchange topology, only graphic info; a large number of format translators.

Question 15

Open GIS Consortium (OGC)

Answer 15

Non-profit, international, voluntary consensus standards organization. It was created in GML or Geography Markup Language. It’s XML-based encoding standard.

Question 16

Field Data Collection Types

Answer 16

Remoting sensing, ground survey, GPS, and Inspection.

Question 17

Remote Sensing

Answer 17

Three resolutions: spatial, spectral (electromagnetic spectrum measured), temporal (repeat cycle).

Question 18

Ground Survey

Answer 18

Ground surveys is based on the principle that the 3-D location of any point can be determined by measuring angles and distance from other known points. But it’s expensive and time-consuming.

Question 19

GPS

Answer 19

Using a GPS receiver to receive signals from GPS satellites to calculate the current position and time.

Question 20

Inspection

Answer 20

Data has already been geographically located and needs to be inspected.

Question 21

Field Collection Process

Answer 21

Determine the result of fieldwork, what needs to be collected, inspected, or surveyed (set up a field collection form), and how it will be collected (pen, tablet, drone); begin filed collection on a good representation of the entire dataset; review sample field collection and adjust the data being collected or the method of data collection; plan locations and timing for field work; Start field collection for all assets.

Question 22

Passive Sensors

Answer 22

Gather radiation that is emitted from objects, photography, infrared, radiometers