Data Aquisition Flashcards
Primary Data
Collected specifically for the purpose of a researcher’s particular study.
Secondary Data
Collected for another purpose by someone other than the researcher.
Five Types of Measurements
Physical measurements, observation of behavior, archives, explicit reports, computational modeling.
Physical Measurements
Recording the physical properties of the earth or its inhabitants (in size, number, temperature, chemical makeup, moisture, etc.)
Observation of behavior
Observable actions or activities of individuals or groups, not thoughts, feelings, or motivations.
Archives
Records that have been collected primarily for non-research purposes. Secondary data.
Explicit Reports
Beliefs that people express about things (such as, through surveys).
Computational Modeling
Models as simplified representations of portions of reality.
Quantitative Data
Numerical values, measured on at least an ordinal level but could be on a metric level.
Qualitative Data
Nonnumerical or numerical values that have no quantitative meaning
Deceptive Mapping
Maps that can be distorted for propaganda, military protection, or ignorance.
Layer
Mechanism to display geographic datasets
Data Transfer Standards
follow Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS), and Federal Information Processing Standard (173). A robust way of transferring GIS data between computers with information loss, including metadata.
Industry Standards of Data Transfer
Typically do not exchange topology, only graphic info; a large number of format translators.
Open GIS Consortium (OGC)
Non-profit, international, voluntary consensus standards organization. It was created in GML or Geography Markup Language. It’s XML-based encoding standard.
Field Data Collection Types
Remoting sensing, ground survey, GPS, and Inspection.
Remote Sensing
Three resolutions: spatial, spectral (electromagnetic spectrum measured), temporal (repeat cycle).
Ground Survey
Ground surveys is based on the principle that the 3-D location of any point can be determined by measuring angles and distance from other known points. But it’s expensive and time-consuming.
GPS
Using a GPS receiver to receive signals from GPS satellites to calculate the current position and time.
Inspection
Data has already been geographically located and needs to be inspected.
Field Collection Process
Determine the result of fieldwork, what needs to be collected, inspected, or surveyed (set up a field collection form), and how it will be collected (pen, tablet, drone); begin filed collection on a good representation of the entire dataset; review sample field collection and adjust the data being collected or the method of data collection; plan locations and timing for field work; Start field collection for all assets.
Passive Sensors
Gather radiation that is emitted from objects, photography, infrared, radiometers
