Data interpretation Flashcards
Microcytic anaemia with low iron and low ferritin and high TIBC
IDA
Microcytic anaemia with Mentzer index <13
Thalassaemia
Microcytic anaemia with low/norm iron and low/norm ferritin and low TIBC OR normocytic with low reticulocytes
anaemia of chronic disease
Normocytic anaemia with low reticulocytes (2)
Leukaemias
Aplastic anaemia
Normocytic anaemia with high reticulocytes (2)
Haemorrhage
Haemolytic anaemia
Macrocytic anaemia with megalocytes and segmented neutrophils
B12/folate deficiency
Drug induced
Macrocytic anaemia WITHOUT megalocytes and segmented neutrophils
Alcohol excess
Myelodysplastic syndromes (incl multiple myeloma)
Liver disease
Congenital BM failure syndromes
High neut = what sort of infection
bacterial
what medication can cause high neutrophils?
Steroids
What non infective and non drug cause of high neutrophils is there?
Tissue damage- infarct, inflammation, malignancy
Low neut caused by what 4 things? (two are drugs)
Viral infection
CT/RT
Clozapine
Carbimazole
High lymphocytes causes
Viral infection
Lymphoma
CLLeukaemia
2 mechanisms for low platelets
Reduced production
Increased destruction
Reasons for reduced production of plt
Infection
Drugs (penicillamines for RA)
Myeloma/dysplasia/fibrosis
What drug causes increased plt destruction
Heparin
What drugs cause hypovolaemic hyponatraemia?
Diuretics
What two drugs can cause SIADH
Carmamazepine
Antipsychotics
What drugs can cause hypernatraemia?
Ones with high sodium like effervescent tabs
Causes of hypokalaemia?
Drugs (loop and thiazide diuretics)
Inadequate intake/intestinal loss
Renal tubular acidosis
Endocrine (cushing’s, conns)
Causes of hyperkalaemia?
Drugs (potassium sparing diuretics and ACEi)
Renal failure
Endocrine (Addisons)
Artefact (Clotted sample)
DKA Rx (insulin = low K+)
Urea > Cr rise suggests what cause of AKI
Pre renal
Cr rise> urea rise suggests what cause of AKI?
Intrisic OR post renal
5 nephrotoxic drugs
ACEi
NSAIDs
Gentamicin
Vancomycin
Tetracyclines
Low T4 and high TSH is what sort of thyroid problem?
Primary hypothyroid
High T4 and low TSH is what sort of thyroid prob?
Primary hyperthyroid
Low T4 and low TSH is what sort of thyroid problem?
secondary hypothyroid
High T4 and high TSH is what sort of thyroid problem?
Secondary hyperthyroid
5 drugs that have a narrow therapeutic index
Digoxin
Lithium
Phenytoin
Gent
Vancomycin
A patient presenting with confusion, nausea, arrhythmia and visual halos could be toxicity of which drug?
Digoxin toxicity
A patient presenting with tremor, seizures, arryth, coma, diabetes insipidus, decreased renal function could be toxicity of which drug?
Li
A patient presenting with gum hypertrophy, ataxia, nystagmus, peripheral neuropathy could be toxicity of which drug?
Phenytoin
What situations might need a divided dose of gentamicin?
Severe renal failure
Endocarditis
In adjusting Gent dose is it the actual dose or timings that are changed? why?
Timings b/c still need a certain amount of the drug to kill the bacteria
A paracetamol nomogram can be used from when after ingestion?
4hours
If someone has a staggered paracet OD or time unknown how do you manage?
Give NAC
How do you manage a warfarin patient who has had a major bleed?
Stop warfarin
Give 5-10mg vit K
Give prothrombin complex
