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PSA revision > Data interpretation > Flashcards

Data interpretation Flashcards

1
Q

Microcytic anaemia with low iron and low ferritin and high TIBC

A

IDA

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2
Q

Microcytic anaemia with Mentzer index <13

A

Thalassaemia

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3
Q

Microcytic anaemia with low/norm iron and low/norm ferritin and low TIBC OR normocytic with low reticulocytes

A

anaemia of chronic disease

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4
Q

Normocytic anaemia with low reticulocytes (2)

A

Leukaemias

Aplastic anaemia

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5
Q

Normocytic anaemia with high reticulocytes (2)

A

Haemorrhage

Haemolytic anaemia

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6
Q

Macrocytic anaemia with megalocytes and segmented neutrophils

A

B12/folate deficiency

Drug induced

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7
Q

Macrocytic anaemia WITHOUT megalocytes and segmented neutrophils

A

Alcohol excess

Myelodysplastic syndromes (incl multiple myeloma)

Liver disease

Congenital BM failure syndromes

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8
Q

High neut = what sort of infection

A

bacterial

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9
Q

what medication can cause high neutrophils?

A

Steroids

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10
Q

What non infective and non drug cause of high neutrophils is there?

A

Tissue damage- infarct, inflammation, malignancy

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11
Q

Low neut caused by what 4 things? (two are drugs)

A

Viral infection

CT/RT

Clozapine

Carbimazole

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12
Q

High lymphocytes causes

A

Viral infection

Lymphoma

CLLeukaemia

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13
Q

2 mechanisms for low platelets

A

Reduced production

Increased destruction

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14
Q

Reasons for reduced production of plt

A

Infection

Drugs (penicillamines for RA)

Myeloma/dysplasia/fibrosis

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15
Q

What drug causes increased plt destruction

A

Heparin

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16
Q

What drugs cause hypovolaemic hyponatraemia?

A

Diuretics

17
Q

What two drugs can cause SIADH

A

Carmamazepine

Antipsychotics

18
Q

What drugs can cause hypernatraemia?

A

Ones with high sodium like effervescent tabs

19
Q

Causes of hypokalaemia?

A

Drugs (loop and thiazide diuretics)

Inadequate intake/intestinal loss

Renal tubular acidosis

Endocrine (cushing’s, conns)

20
Q

Causes of hyperkalaemia?

A

Drugs (potassium sparing diuretics and ACEi)

Renal failure

Endocrine (Addisons)

Artefact (Clotted sample)

DKA Rx (insulin = low K+)

21
Q

Urea > Cr rise suggests what cause of AKI

A

Pre renal

22
Q

Cr rise> urea rise suggests what cause of AKI?

A

Intrisic OR post renal

23
Q

5 nephrotoxic drugs

A

ACEi

NSAIDs

Gentamicin

Vancomycin

Tetracyclines

24
Q

Low T4 and high TSH is what sort of thyroid problem?

A

Primary hypothyroid

25
Q

High T4 and low TSH is what sort of thyroid prob?

A

Primary hyperthyroid

26
Q

Low T4 and low TSH is what sort of thyroid problem?

A

secondary hypothyroid

27
Q

High T4 and high TSH is what sort of thyroid problem?

A

Secondary hyperthyroid

28
Q

5 drugs that have a narrow therapeutic index

A

Digoxin

Lithium

Phenytoin

Gent

Vancomycin

29
Q

A patient presenting with confusion, nausea, arrhythmia and visual halos could be toxicity of which drug?

A

Digoxin toxicity

30
Q

A patient presenting with tremor, seizures, arryth, coma, diabetes insipidus, decreased renal function could be toxicity of which drug?

A

Li

31
Q

A patient presenting with gum hypertrophy, ataxia, nystagmus, peripheral neuropathy could be toxicity of which drug?

A

Phenytoin

32
Q

What situations might need a divided dose of gentamicin?

A

Severe renal failure

Endocarditis

33
Q

In adjusting Gent dose is it the actual dose or timings that are changed? why?

A

Timings b/c still need a certain amount of the drug to kill the bacteria

34
Q

A paracetamol nomogram can be used from when after ingestion?

A

4hours

35
Q

If someone has a staggered paracet OD or time unknown how do you manage?

A

Give NAC

36
Q

How do you manage a warfarin patient who has had a major bleed?

A

Stop warfarin

Give 5-10mg vit K

Give prothrombin complex

PSA revision (3 decks)

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