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CFD/UC Paramedic Class 2023 > dale says REVIEW > Flashcards

dale says REVIEW Flashcards

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1
Q

RSF vs. LSF

A

RSF: caused by LSF

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1
Q

cor pulmonale

A

RSF in the presence of hypertension (RSF secondary to pulmonary htn), will eventually lead to LSF

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2
Q

renal hormones

A

erythropoietin (EPO): secreted by the kidneys to mature RBCs
renin: forms a part of the RASS system, secreted when the portal bp decreases

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3
Q

RASS system

A

kidneys produce renin, and the liver produces angiotensengen… those two combine to form angiotensin 1, which combines with ACE from the lungs to angiotensin 2, which stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and adrenal cortex

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4
Q

pituitary gland

A

primary director of the endocrine system, releases hormone-releasing hormones (the ones the pituitary releases tells other things what to release)

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5
Q

pituitary hormones

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
luteinizing hormone (LH)
growth hormone (GH)
prolactin (PRL)
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
oxytocin
anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

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6
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

cortisol stimulation from the adrenal cortex

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7
Q

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

stimulates sperm and estrogen production

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8
Q

luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

stimulates ovulation and testosterone production

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9
Q

growth hormone (GH)

A

“it’s just growth, it is what it is” - mazzario

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10
Q

prolactin (PRL)

A

milk production

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11
Q

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

metabolism and energy by stimulating the thyroid to release T3 & T4

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12
Q

oxytocin

A

primarily has to do with the progression of labor

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13
Q

anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

A

regulates water retention and balance, affecting bp and cellular hydration

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14
Q

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

regulates involuntary bodily functions, like heart rate, breathing, digestion, pupil size, etc.
separated into sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

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15
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

“fight or flight,” increases body system activities
aka adrenergic system
neurotransmitter is norepinephrine

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16
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

“rest and digest,” maintains vegetative state and normal body activity
aka cholinergic system
neurotransmitter is acetylcholine

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17
Q

endocrine system

A

regulates functions of the body and maintains homeostasis throughout the body through the release of hormones

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18
Q

endocrine glands

A

release hormones directly into the bloodstream

19
Q

exocrine glands

A

release hormones via ducts
ie. sweat glands, salivary glands

20
Q

thyroid

A

controls metabolism through the release of T3 and T4
primary conditions: Hashimoto’s (a version of hypothyroidism), myxedema (another form of hypothyroidism), and Grave’s (hyperthyroidism)

21
Q

Hashimoto’s Disease

A

a version of hypothyroidism, autoimmune disease, most commonly found in women
characterized by weight gain, puffy face, dry hair, mood disorder

22
Q

Grave’s Disease

A

symptomatic hyperthyroidism
characterized by anxiety, fidgety, intolerance to heat, tachycardia, htn

23
Q

parathyroid

A

raises calcium levels through the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH), stimulated by chemoreceptors

24
Q

menstrual cycle

A

occurs during the years between puberty and menopause, prep for possible pregnancy, hormone-driven events and bodily changes occur over a period of around 28 days

25
Q

ovarian cycle

A

three stages:
follicular - maturation of the ovarian follicle and secretion of estrogen
ovulation - release of egg (every 28 days)
luteal - formation of corpus luteum and secretion of progesterone

26
Q

first stage of labor

A

begins with the start of labor
ends with dilatation of cervix

27
Q

second stage of labor

A

begins with dilatation of cervix
ends with delivery of baby

28
Q

third stage of labor

A

begins with delivery of baby
ends with delivery of placenta

29
Q

fourth stage of labor

A

begins with delivery of placenta
ends with cessation of birthing process
(basically when the baby and placenta are both out)

30
Q

frontal (coronal) plane

A

divides the body into anterior and posterior

31
Q

transverse plane

A

divides the body into superior and inferior

32
Q

sagittal plane

A

divides the body into L and R

33
Q

midsagittal plane

A

divides the body at the midline of the L or R side

34
Q

blood flow through the heart

A

in through the inferior and superior vena cava ->
right atrium ->
tricuspid ->
right ventricle ->
pulmonic valve ->
pulmonic artery ->
lungs ->
pulmonic vein ->
left atrium ->
mitral (bicuspid) valve ->
left ventricle ->
aortic valve ->
aorta

da na!
remember valves with Toilet Paper My A** (Tricuspid, Pulmonic, Mitral, Aortic)

35
Q

right coronary artery (RCA)

A

feeds the SA and AV node, right atrium, and right ventricle
bifurcates into the posterior descending artery and RCA just past the SA/AV node

36
Q

left coronary artery (LCA)

A

feeds the whole f*cking left side of the heart
bifurcates into the left anterior descending (LAD) and the circumflex

37
Q

left anterior descending (LAD)

A

feeds the septum and a portion of the left ventricle

38
Q

circumflex

A

feeds the left atrium and a portion of the left ventricle

39
Q

intrinsic rates of the heart

A

SA node: 60-100
AV node: 40-60
purkinje fibers: 20-40

40
Q

chronic emphysema

A

type of COPD
“pink puffer”
alveolar disease where the alveoli collapse and fail, chronically hypercarbic, develops polycythemia (more red blood cells) to compensate for hypoxia
s/s include barrel chest, Kussmaul’s signs and pulsus paradoxus

41
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

type of COPD
“blue bloater”
caused by high mucus production and destruction of goblet cells, number one cause is smoking
s/s include JVD, peripheral edema, hypercarbia

42
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder
right upper quadrant pain (RUQ)
happens after eating a fatty meal, person can become jaundice (a result of bile)

43
Q

Murphy’s Sign

A

indicative of cholecystitis
occurs one inch to the right of the xyphoid process

44
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of the pouches of the large intestine (diverticulum)
left lower quadrant pain (LLQ)
fever, vomiting, diarrhea, are all indicative, can cause sepsis

45
Q
A

CFD/UC Paramedic Class 2023 (4 decks)

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