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GI Parasites > DA DRUGS > Flashcards

DA DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MoA of metronidazole and tinidazole?

A

Broken down to free radicals –> breakup DNA strands

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2
Q

What is the distribution of metronidazole and tinidazole?

A

Tissue anti-parasitic
Low concentration in the intestine
High bioavailability

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3
Q

What do metronidazole and tinidazole treat?

A

Giardiasis, amebic dysentery, and anaerobic GI bacteria

NOT cyrptosporidium

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4
Q

What are the potential toxic effects of metronidazole and tinidazole?

A

Disulfiram reaction
Nausea, diarrhea, metallic taste
Disturb normal GI flora

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5
Q

What is the MoA of iodoquinol?

A

Unknown…and not just by me…

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6
Q

What is the distribution of iodoquinol?

A

Not well absorbed…works well locally on protozoa including cysts in the GI tract

Luminal anti-parasitic

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7
Q

What is iodoquinol used to treat?

A

Amebic dysentery

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8
Q

What are the potential toxicities of iodoquinol?

A

Loss of visual acuity

Possible thyroid effects

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9
Q

What is the MoA of paromomycin?

A

Inhibits 30S subunit of ribosome…it is an aminoglycoside

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10
Q

What is the distribution of paromomycin?

A

Minimal absorption after oral administration

Luminal anti-parasitic

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11
Q

What does paromomycin treat?

A

Intestinal protozoa

Only partially against cryptoporidium

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12
Q

What are some possible toxicities of paromomycin?

A

Diarrhea

Other GI effects…including issues with intestinal flora

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13
Q

What is the MoA of TMP-SMX?

A

Inhibits folate formation

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14
Q

What does TMP-SMX treat?

A 
Many bacteria (broad spectrum)
Protozoans (Toxoplasma, Cystoisospora, Cyclospora)
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15
Q

What are the potential toxicities of TMP-SMX?

A

Crosses BBB
Potentially interferes with intestinal flora
Harms developing fetus…DON’T give to PREGO

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16
Q

What is the MoA of nitazoxanide?

A

Interferes with pyruvate::ferredoxin oxidoreductase enzyme dependent electron transfer

Essential to anaerobic energy metabolism protein

17
Q

What is the distribution of nitazoxanide?

A

Metabolized to tizoxanide

No parent compound in plasma

18
Q

What is nitazoxanide used to treat?

A

Giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis (kinda)

Also give anti-perstaltic agent (loperamide) and oral rehydration is important

19
Q

Why isn’t nitazoxanide really used to treat cryptosporidiosis?

A

cryptosporidiosis isn’t usually treated in immunocompetent people…and nitazoxanide does not really work in immunosuppressed people

20
Q

What are some possible toxicities of nitazoxanide?

A

Abdominal pain
Diarrhea
Headaches

21
Q

What is the MoA of albendazole and mebendazole?

A

Bind to beta-tubulin…no microtubule formation

May take multiple doses/couple of days

22
Q

What is the distribution of albendazole and mebendazole?

A

Limited oral absorption

Albendazole is better if trying to kill tissue-migrating larvae

23
Q

What are albendazole and mebendazole used to treat?

A

Roundworms

Tapeworms

24
Q

What is the MoA of pyrantel and lavamisole?

A

Activate ACh receptors…cause spastic contractions causing parasite to lose grip and get swept away

25
Q

What is the distribution of pyrantel and lavamisole?

A

Luminal…poorly absorbed

26
Q

What are pyrantel and lavamisole used to treat?

A

Roundworms

Pyrantel does NOT work against whipworm

27
Q

What is the MoA of ivermectin?

A

Activates glutamate gated chloride channels

28
Q

What is the distribution of ivermectin?

A

Doesn’t cross BBB…which is good because we have those same channels in our CNS

29
Q

What can lead to resistance to ivermectin?

A

Efflux transporters

30
Q

What is ivermectin used to treat?

A

Nematodes (ascaris, strongloides**, and onchocerca)

31
Q

What are the possible toxicities of ivermectin?

A 
Generally well tolerated, but:
Possible itching
Swollen lymph glands
Rarely dizziness
Inflammation (d/t rxn to death of adult worms)
32
Q

What is the MoA of praziquantel?

A

Increased permeability to divalent cations (calcium??) leading to contraction of the worm’s musculature

33
Q

What is praziquantel used to treat?

A

Cestodes

Trematodes** (Schistosoma)

34
Q

What are some possible toxicities to praziquantel?

A

Generally well tolerated, but:
Possible dizziness
Possible nausea

GI Parasites (4 decks)

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