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ABDO FQEs > D2 - Ocular Conditions > Flashcards

D2 - Ocular Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Iritis:

Signs (4)

A

Irregular shaped pupil

Unilateral inflammation of the iris

Limbal injection

Usually bilateral

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2
Q

Iritis (acute):

Symptoms (4)

A

Pain

Reduced VAs

Lacrimation

Photophobia

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3
Q

Iritis (chronic):

Symptoms (1)

A

Very few symptoms

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4
Q

Iritis:

History (3)

A

Arthritis

AIDS

TB

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5
Q

Iritis:

Treatment (2)

A

Mydriatic drops

Systemic steroids

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6
Q

Iritis:

Referral (4)

A

Urgent A&E - phone ahead

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7
Q

Keratitis:

Signs (7)

A

Red eye

Corneal lesion

Inflammation of cornea

Lacrimation

Discharge

Visible corneal ulcer

Usually bilateral

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8
Q

Keratitis:

Symptoms (5)

A

Pain

Blurred vision

Photophobia

Reduced VA if ulcer central

Foreign body sensation

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9
Q

Keratitis:

History (4)

A

Corneal trauma

Contact lens wear

Dry eye - elderly

Herpes sim[lex

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10
Q

Keratitis:

Treatment (3)

A

Antibiotic drops

Steroids

Antiviral drops

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11
Q

Keratitis:

Referrals (1)

A

Urgent to A&E

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12
Q

Hypopyon:

Signs (1)

A

White blood cells deposited in lower anterior chamber

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13
Q

Hypopyon:

Symptoms (1)

A

None

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14
Q

Hypopyon:

History (3)

A

Linked with bacterial keratitis

In severe or long standing cases, hypopyon may be present

May lead to acute secondary glaucoma

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15
Q

Hypopyon:

Treatment (2)

A

Antibiotic drops

Subconjunctival injections

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16
Q

Hypopyon:

Referral (1)

A

Urgent to A&E

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17
Q

Hyphaema:

Signs (1)

A

Blood in anterior chamber

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18
Q

Hyphaema:

Symptoms (3)

A

Pain

Blurred vision - especially if lens displaced

Possible visual field loss if retinal attachment

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19
Q

Hyphaema:

History (2)

A

Blow to eye or orbital region, eg blow out fracture

May lead to secondary glaucoma

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20
Q

Hyphaema:

Treatment (2)

A

Miotics to reduce IOPs

Surgery may be required to remove blood clot or lens

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21
Q

Hyphaema:

Referral (1)

A

A&E

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22
Q

Malignant Melanoma of Iris:

Signs (4)

A

Darker iris area

May appear thicker

May cause distorted pupil

May cause hyphaema

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23
Q

Malignant Melanoma of Iris:

Symptoms (1)

A

None unless causes secondary glaucoma

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24
Q

Malignant Melanoma of Iris:

History (2)

A

Increased uncontrolled growth of melanocyst

Common in over 60s

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25
Q

Malignant Melanoma of Iris:

Treatment (3)

A

None if no bleeding or pupil distortion

Surgical if enlargements occurs

Removal of tumour, possibly eye

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26
Q

Malignant Melanoma of Iris:

Referral (1)

A

GP - urgent

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27
Q

Acute Glaucoma:

Signs (3)

A

Red eye

Cloudy cornea

Oval shaped pupil

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28
Q

Acute Glaucoma:

Symptoms (4)

A

Severe pain

Frontal headaches

Blurred vision

Vomiting due to pain

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29
Q

Acute Glaucoma:

History (1)

A

Haloes around lights

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30
Q

Acute Glaucoma:

Treatment (1)

A

Miotics to reduce IOPs

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31
Q

Acute Glaucoma:

Referral (1)

A

A&E - phone ahead and email referral

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32
Q

Orbital Cellulitis:

Signs (3)

A

Inflammation of orbital connective tissue

Red and swollen lids

Swollen and inflamed conjunctiva

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33
Q

Orbital Cellulitis:

Symptoms (4)

A

Moderate to severe orbital pain

Possible diplopia

Reduced VAs

Feverish

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34
Q

Orbital Cellulitis:

History (1)

A

Bacterial infection spread from sinus or tooth

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35
Q

Orbital Cellulitis:

Treatment (2)

A

Immediate hospitalisation - can lead to optic neuritis or meningitis

Antibiotics or surgery to drain orbit and infected sinus

36
Q

Orbital Cellulitis:

Referral (1)

A

A&E

37
Q

Episcleritis:

Signs (3)

A

Inflamed sclera

Redness and swelling of sclera

Can be diffused or defined area near limbus

38
Q

Episcleritis:

Symptoms (4)

A

Slight discomfort

Gritty

Sensation

Photophobia

39
Q

Episcleritis:

History (2)

A

Commonly affects young people

Associated with shingles or gout

40
Q

Episcleritis:

Treatment (3)

A

Often disappears without treatment

Steroid drops for discomfort

Defer contact lens wear

41
Q

Episcleritis:

Referral (1)

A

GP if recurring

42
Q

Scleritis:

Signs (3)

A

Inflamed sclera

Redness and swelling

Diffuse bulbar injection

43
Q

Scleritis:

Symptoms (3)

A

Pain affecting orbital area, forehead, jaw and eyeball]

Photophobia

Lacrimation

Reduced VAs

44
Q

Scleritis:

History (2)

A

Associated with systemic conditions eg arthritis or shingles

Often followed by uveitis, and possibly keratitis, glaucoma and cataract

45
Q

Scleritis:

Treatment (2)

A

Steroid drugs

Defer contact lens wear

46
Q

Scleritis:

Referral (1)

A

A&E

47
Q

Retinoblastoma:

Signs (3)

A

White or yellow appearance of pupil

Usually unilateral

Rare tumour found affecting very young children

48
Q

Retinoblastoma:

Symptoms (3)

A

Reduced vision

Rarely noticed unless bilateral

Advanced can cause secondary glaucoma

49
Q

Retinoblastoma:

History (2)

A

Nuclear layers in retina arise from genetic mutation

Hereditary

50
Q

Retinoblastoma:

Treatment (2)

A

Radiation therapy

Removal of eye

51
Q

Retinoblastoma:

Referral (1)

A

A&E

52
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma:

Signs (3)

A

Eye or nose lesion

Misaligned eyelashes

‘Pearly’ edge, dipped centre, and red area

53
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma:

Symptoms (2)

A

No pain

Possible discomfort if ulcerated

54
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma:

History (1)

A

Possible previous occurrence

55
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma:

Treatment (1)

A

Surgical treatment

56
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma:

Referral (1)

A

GP - further referral to dermatologist

57
Q

Foreign Body:

Signs (3)

A

Red eye

Inflammation

Lacrimation

58
Q

Foreign Body:

Symptoms (5)

A

Inflammatory reaction

Pain

Reduced VAs

Photophobia

Blurred vision

59
Q

Foreign Body:

History (1)

A

Occupational ot DIY accident

60
Q

Foreign Body:

Treatment (1)

A

Remove if possible

61
Q

Foreign Body:

Referral (1)

A

Urgent to A&E if embedded

62
Q

Chemical Burn:

Signs (1)

A

Inflammation

63
Q

Chemical Burn:

Symptoms (2)

A

Pain

Blurred vision

64
Q

Chemical Burn:

History (1)

A

Occupational or DIY accident

65
Q

Chemical Burn:

Treatment (1)

A

Immediate irrigation

Flush excessively with saline or water

66
Q

Chemical Burn:

Referral (1)

A

Urgent to A&E

67
Q

Trichiasis:

Signs (4)

A

Misdirected eyelashes - growing inwards

Inflammation

Lacrimation

Ulceration of cornea

68
Q

Trichiasis:

Symptoms (2)

A

Pain

Reduced VAs - lashes on cornea

69
Q

Trichiasis:

History (4)

A

Eyelash follicles in abnormal position

Entropian

Blepharitis

Congenital

70
Q

Trichiasis:

Treatment (2)

A

Lash removal

Bandage contact lens

71
Q

Trichiasis:

Referral (1)

A

GP

72
Q

Macular Degeneration:

Signs (2)

A

No external signs

Opthalmoscopy shows pale spots on fundus

73
Q

Macular Degeneration:

Symptoms (4)

A

Loss of central visual field

Difficulty with near tasks

Straight lines appear wavy

Loss of detail

74
Q

Macular Degeneration:

History (4)

A

Hereditary

Smoking

Female

Poor diet

75
Q

Macular Degeneration:

Treatment (1)

A

Wet:

Anti VEGF injections

Lucentis injections

76
Q

Macular Degeneration:

Referral (1)

A

Urgent GP of sudden onset wet

77
Q

Detached Retina:

Signs (3)

A

No external signs

Ophthalmoscopy shows purple-grey area on fundus

Retinal blood vessels in area appear darker

78
Q

Detached Retina:

Symptoms (4)

A

Progressive field loss, like shadow or curtain

Flashes of light with movement

Floaters

Reduced VAs

79
Q

Detached Retina:

History (4)

A

High myopia

Exertion

Aging

Cataract surgery

80
Q

Detached Retina:

Treatment (3)

A

Laser

Cryotherapy - seals retina onto pigment epithelium

Injecting gas in front of detachment to push it back

81
Q

Detached Retina:

Referral (1)

A

Urgent to A&E

82
Q

Acute Glaucoma:

Signs (3)

A

Red eye

Cloudy cornea

Oval shaped pupil

83
Q

Acute Glaucoma:

Symptoms (4)

A

Severe pain

Frontal headaches

Blurred vision

Vomiting due to pain

84
Q

Acute Glaucoma:

History (3)

A

Haloes around lights

Types; acute, open angle, closed angle and congenital

Urgent to A&E if IOPs over 34

85
Q

Acute Glaucoma:

Treatment (1)

A

Miotics to reduce IOPs

86
Q

Acute Glaucoma:

Referral (1)

A

Urgent to A&E, phone ahead and email referral

ABDO FQEs (5 decks)

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