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ABDO FQEs > D1 - Ocular Conditions > Flashcards

D1 - Ocular Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Coloboma:

Signs (3)

A

Irregular key hole shaped pupil

‘Hole’ in lower region of iris

Can be unilateral or bilateral

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2
Q

Colomoba:

Symptoms (3)

A

Photophobia

Reduced VA

Loss of field

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3
Q

Colomoba:

History (1)

A

Congential

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4
Q

Colomoba:

Treatment (3)

A

Cosmetic contact lenses with opaque iris

Large specs to protect orbital area from UV

Photochromatic lenses to provide UV protection in all light conditions

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5
Q

Colomoba:

Referral

A

Manage in practice

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6
Q

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD):

Signs (3)

A

Red eyes

Small lumps along lid margin

Sometimes crusty appearance

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7
Q

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD):

Symptoms (4)

A

Discomfort - gritty feeling

Itchy eyes

Blurred vision

Similar to dry eyes

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8
Q

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD):

History

A

Associated with dry eye syndrome and blepharitis

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9
Q

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD):

Treatment (3)

A

Massage lids to promote secretion of oils

Use hot compress or warm eye-pads

Defer contact lens wear

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10
Q

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD):

Referral

A

GP if antibiotics required

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11
Q

Blepharitis:

Signs (3)

A

Dandruff of the eyelashes

Inflamed lid margin

Lids appear swollen

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12
Q

Blepharitis:

Symptoms (2)

A

Discomfort - sore/itchy

Sticky lids

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13
Q

Blepharitis:

History (7)

A

Scalp disorder

Poor health

Poor lid hygiene

Dry eyes

Bacterial or fungal infection

MGD

Parasites

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14
Q

Blepharitis:

Treatment (3)

A

Improve lid hygiene

Warm eye pads with wheat germ

Defer contact lens wear

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15
Q

Blepharitis:

Referral

A

GP if antibiotics required

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16
Q

Ectropian:

Signs (3)

A

Lower lid margin rolls out

Drooping lower lids

Conjunctiva becomes dry & red

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17
Q

Ectropian:

Symptoms (2)

A

Dry eye (epiphoria)

Soreness of facial skin

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18
Q

Ectropian:

History (3)

A

Possibly trauma

Usually senile

Cause by loss of muscle tone or shrinking of scar tissue

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19
Q

Ectropian:

Treatment (2)

A

Surgery

Dispense large frame and side shields

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20
Q

Ectropian:

Referral

A

GP - non urgent

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21
Q

Entropian:

Signs (2)

A

Lower lid margin rolls in

Inflammation & corneal scarring

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22
Q

Entropian:

Symptoms (4)

A

Painful

Lacrimation

Corneal scarring

May lead to reduced VAs

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23
Q

Entropian:

History (1)

A

Eyelashes abrading cornea

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24
Q

Entropian:

Treatment (2)

A

Removal of eye lashes

Bandage contact lenses

Surgery may be required

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25
Q

Entropian:

Referral

A

GP

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26
Q

Ptosis:

Signs (1)

A

Drooping upper lids

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27
Q

Ptosis:

Symptoms (1)

A

Poor VA if pupil obscures

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28
Q

Ptosis:

History (3)

A

Paralysis of levator muscle

Congential

Senile

Due to stroke

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29
Q

Ptosis:

Treatment (2)

A

Ptosis prop

Surgery

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30
Q

Ptosis:

Referral

A

GP - Non urgent

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31
Q

Stye (Hordeleum Externam):

Signs (1)

A

Inflammation and swelling of lid margin

32
Q

Stye (Hordeleum Externam):

Symptoms (1)

A

Discomfort

33
Q

Stye (Hordeleum Externam):

History (4)

A

Blockage or tarsal gland, causing meibomian cyst

Bacterial infection of lash follicle

Dirty makeup brushes

Possible reoccurrence

34
Q

Stye (Hordeleum Externam):

Treatment (2)

A

Hot compress

Eyelash removal

35
Q

Stye (Hordeleum Externam):

Referral

A

Manage in practice

36
Q

Chalazion (Meibomian Cyst):

Signs (1)

A

Hard swelling which gradually enlarges

37
Q

Chalazion (Meibomian Cyst):

Symptoms (2)

A

No pain

Growth may induce pressure causing blurred vision

38
Q

Chalazion (Meibomian Cyst):

History ()

A

Swelling of tarsal gland

Can be due to blockage or infection

May be associated with blepharitis or other skin conditions

39
Q

Chalazion (Meibomian Cyst):

Treatment (2)

A

May disappear

Longstanding requires surgical removal through tarsal conjunctiva

40
Q

Chalazion (Meibomian Cyst):

Referral (1)

A

Non urgent unless abrading the cornea

41
Q

Xanthalasma:

Signs (1)

A

Flat yellow lumps of fat on lids

42
Q

Xanthalasma:

Symptoms (1)

A

Cosmetic appearance

43
Q

Xanthalasma:

History (1)

A

Raised cholesterol

Possibly diabetes

44
Q

Xanthalasma:

Treatment (1)

A

Removal by laser

Reduce fat intake

45
Q

Xanthalasma:

Referral (2)

A

GP - non urgent

Attend GP for cholesterol check

46
Q

Conjunctivitis:

Signs (4)

A

Inflamed conjunctiva

Blood shot eye

Mucous discharge

Often bilateral

47
Q

Conjunctivitis:

Symptoms (3)

A

Lids sticky in morning

Eyes feel gritty and hot

Photophobia

48
Q

Conjunctivitis:

History (1)

A

Possible previous occurrence

49
Q

Conjunctivitis:

Types (3)

A

Bacterial

Viral

Allergic

50
Q

Conjunctivitis:

Treatment (4)

A

Bathe lids

Boil towels and pillowcases

Antibiotic eye drops may be required

Defer contact lens wear

51
Q

Conjunctivitis:

Referral (1)

A

GP if antibiotics required

52
Q

Pinguecula:

Signs (2)

A

Raised yellow area on conjunctiva

Most common in elderly

53
Q

Pinguecula:

Symptoms (1)

A

Possible irritation with contact lenses

54
Q

Pinguecula:

History (4)

A

Exposure to UV

Dry and hot climate

Hardening of bulbar conjunctiva

Degeneration of conjunctiva

55
Q

Pinguecula:

Treatment (1)

A

Cosmetic appearance

56
Q

Pinguecula:

Referral (1)

A

GP - non urgent

57
Q

Pterygium:

Signs (3)

A

Raised triangular growth on conjunctiva

Invades epithelium

Often bilateral

58
Q

Pterygium:

Symptoms (2)

A

Possible irritation with contact lenses

Reduced VAs

59
Q

Pterygium:

History (4)

A

Living in hot climate

Excessive UV

Dusty conditions

Possible previous occurrence

60
Q

Pterygium:

Treatment (1)

A

Surgical removal before pupil invasion

61
Q

Pterygium:

Referral (3)

A

GP - non urgent

62
Q

Sub-conjunctiva Haemorrhage:

Signs (1)

A

Burst blood vessel between conjunctiva and Tenon’s capsule

63
Q

Sub-conjunctiva Haemorrhage:

Symptoms (2)

A

Possible discomfort

No pain

64
Q

Sub-conjunctiva Haemorrhage:

History (3)

A

Exertion

Possible previous occurrence

High blood pressure

65
Q

Sub-conjunctiva Haemorrhage:

Treatment (1)

A

None

66
Q

Sub-conjunctiva Haemorrhage:

Referral (1)

A

GP if reoccurring as blood pressure check is required

A&E if trauma

67
Q

Arcus:

Signs (1)

A

Opaque white/grey band at periphery of iris

68
Q

Arcus:

Symptoms (1)

A

None

69
Q

Arcus:

History (2)

A

Raised cholesterol

Caused by fat deposited in the cornea

70
Q

Arcus:

Treatment (1)

A

Reduce cholesterol intake

71
Q

Arcus:

Referral (1)

A

GP for cholesterol check

72
Q

Epicanthal Folds:

Signs (3)

A

Commonly seen in young children as their nose is not fully developed

Usually bilateral

Gives appearance of esotropia

73
Q

Epicanthal Folds:

Symptoms (2)

A

None

Kids with condition often brought for sight test

74
Q

Epicanthal Folds:

History (2)

A

Examination carried out to ensure heterotropia is not present

Use a pen torch to check light reflex

75
Q

Epicanthal Folds:

Treatment (1)

A

Surgery if required

76
Q

Epicanthal Folds:

Referral (3)

A

GP if surgery required for cosmesis

ABDO FQEs (5 decks)

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