d 2.3 bio-- inheritance

Question 1

genome

Answer 1

the whole of the genetic information (all your genes all your dna)

Question 2

allele

Answer 2

different forms of a gene that occupy the same gene locus

Question 3

genotype

Answer 3

the alleles possessed by an organism

Question 4

carrier

Answer 4

an individual that has a recessive allele of a gene that does not have an effect on his or her phenotype

Question 5

single nucleotide polymorphism

Answer 5

when alleles of a gene vary by a single nucleotide

Question 6

homozygous

Answer 6

an organism that has two identical alleles

Question 7

heterozygous

Answer 7

an organism that has two different alleles

Question 8

phenotype

Answer 8

the observable characteristics of an organism

Question 9

what are phenotypes caused by

Answer 9

interactions between the organism’s genotype (dominant and recessive alleles etc) and the environment (an organism’s environment will make different genes appear more but CANNOT change the dominancy)

ex: child is heterozygous for tanning ability; doesn’t show up so phenotype isn’t expressed obviously until they go to summer camp after which it becomes clear that the pro-tanning allele is dominant.

Question 10

phenotypic plasticity

Answer 10

capacity to express phenotype differently depending on the environment

Question 11

parent generation

Answer 11

original generation; two homogenous pure breeds

Question 12

fillial 1 (F1)

Answer 12

kids of the parent generation

Question 13

incomplete dominance

Answer 13

a form of gene interaction where both alleles are partially expressed, making an intermediate or different phenotype

Question 14

codominant alleles

Answer 14

pairs of alleles that BOTH affect the phenoype
ex: blood types

Question 15

multiple alleles

Answer 15

2+ possible alleles for a gene

Question 16

sex-linked genes

Answer 16

genes carried on the sex chromosomes (x and y chromosomes)

Question 17

discrete variation

Answer 17

a trait controlled by a single gene with a small number of alleles, and traits are expressed as one of a few possibilities.

Question 18

polygenic inheritance

Answer 18

two or more genes that both affect the same trait interact to affect that trait, making many different phenotypes (curly blond thing hair vs other kinds etc)

Question 19

continuous varation

Answer 19

polygenic inheritance can lead to continuous variation where a continuum of a variety of phenotypes may be produced (affected by environmental factors like getting a tan)