C4.1 terms Flashcards
habitat
the environment in which a species normally lives
population
group of organisms of the same species that live at the same time in the same area
community
a group of populations living and interacting with one another at the same time in the same area
ecosystem
a community + its abiotic (non-living) environment
random sampling
the number of species in several samples to estimate population
sampling error
difference between the estimate obtained with random sampling and the true size of the population
quadrat sampling
a sampling technique that places a grid on an area and samples randomly from that grid and then multiplied to get the estimated full population size
sessile organism
a non moving (fixed or permanently attached) organism
capture-mark-release-recapture
a population counting technique that involves capturing a motile organism labelling it and then recapturing another sample and comparing the ratio of marked to unmarked population (think of the ants)
motile organism
organism that is able to move around
lincoln index
MxN/R=total population
transitional phase of a population growth curve
the top/middle part of the graph where there is beginning to be a shortage of resources and we see a decreasing rate of population growth
exponential growth phase of a population growth curve
the beginning of the graph where the population is only increasing because it has abundant resources
phateau phase of a population growth curve
the end of the graph where the population is constructed by is resource availability and it reaches carrying capacity (K)
carrying capacity
the maximum population that a particular habitiat can support (K)
limiting factor and give an example
a variable that can prevent growth or reduce size of a population
ex: competition
density dependent factors
limiting factors that change depending on the population density
density independent factors
limiting factors that affect the population in the same way regardless of the population density
negative feedback
when the output of a system acts to oppose the input of a system
intraspecific relationships
relationships between members of the same species
intraspecific cooperation and ex
cooperation between members of the same species
ex wolves hunting in packs
intraspecific competition
competition between members of the same species for the same resource
parasitism
one species living on or in another
mutualism
two species interacting in a way that makes both benefit
pathogenicity
the ability of microbes ex bacteria protists or fungi or viruses to cause disease in other species.
null hypothesis
no relationship between the two variables
alternate hypothesis
there is a relationship between the two variables
top down control
when a species population can be decreased by another species feeding on it
bottom up control
when a species population can be decreased by a lack of resources
allelopathy
when chemicals are secreted by one species that influences the germination, growth, survival and reproduction of other organisms
