czechoslovakia

Question 1

The expulsion of minorities after WW2

Answer 1

1946- they expel all ethnic Germans (to E and W Germany)
-also all ethnic Hungarians were stripped of rights. thousands were resettled to borderlands/Hungary and thousands voluntary left as well

Question 2

Alexander Dubček

Answer 2

key figure in Prague Spring. started when he came to power
-He was arrested and taken to Moscow (Because of the general resistance, the Soviets agreed that Dubček would remain in office and a program of moderate reform would continue)

Question 3

Socialism with a human face

Answer 3

– Dubcek
- Freedom of speech, debate, travel, association
– The security organs were to be made accountable to Parliament

Question 4

Prague Spring

Answer 4

1968
A period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia
It was suppressed on 21 August 1968 when the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies
(except for Romania) invaded the country

Action Programme, launched by Dubček in April 1968
• Economy
– Much greater freedom for industrial enterprises and agricultural cooperatives
in finding markets
– Full equality in economic relations between Czechoslovakia and the Soviet
Union
– Withdrawal of Soviet advisors
• Individual liberties – “socialism with a human face”
– Freedom of speech, debate, travel, association
– The security organs were to be made accountable to Parliament, etc.
• Reform within the party
– Real elections for party officials
• Real federation with Slovakia
• More openness in the party and society

Question 5

Brezhnev doctrine

Answer 5

the satellite states must subordinate their national interests to those of the “Eastern Bloc” collective

Question 6

Warsaw Pact intervention

Answer 6

August 1968
the armies of five Warsaw Pact countries invaded
-there was resistance (mostly nonviolent)

Question 7

Charter ’77 Opposition Movement

Answer 7

• based on the manifesto with 241 signatories

- group of intellectuals demanded the observance of individual rights

Question 8

Vaclav Havel

Answer 8

• playwright who opposed the regime

- was elected President 1989

Question 9

Velvet Revolution

Answer 9

• The Communist Party announced in November 1989 that it would relinquish power and dismantle the single-party state
• Barbed wire fence was removed from the border with West Germany and Austria in december
• Husák resigned on 10 December
• Havel grants amnesty to political prisoners
• secret police dismantled
• soviet troops leave in 1991

Question 10

Velvet Divorce (the dissolution of Czechoslovakia)

Answer 10

• The federal structure of the country was questioned
  -Disputes on the new Czech, Slovak and federal constitution – they couldn’t achieve a
  compromise
  -The goal of negotiations switched to achieving a peaceful division
  -Czechoslovakia was replaced by Slovakia and the Czech Republic on 1 January 1993