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Haematology Year 3 > Cytotoxic Drugs > Flashcards

Cytotoxic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

classification of drugs

A
  1. cell cycle specific

2. non-cell cycle specific

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2
Q

features of cell cycle specific agents

A

tumour specific

duration of exposure more important than dose

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3
Q

examples of cell cycle specific drugs

A

methotrexate

hydroxyurea

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4
Q

what does methotrexate inhibit

A

dihydrofolate reductase

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5
Q

what does hydroxyurea impair

A

deoxynucleotide synthesis

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6
Q

features of non-cell cycle specific drugs

A

non tumour specific – damage normal stem cells, can lead to secondary malignancy

cumulative dose more important than duration

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7
Q

examples of non-cell cycle specific drugs

A

alkylating agents
- chlorambucil

platinum derivates
- cis-platinum

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8
Q

what group of antibiotics are cytotoxic

A

anthracyclines

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9
Q

general side effects of cytotoxic drugs

A

bone marrow suppression

gut mucosal damage

alopecia

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10
Q

side effect of cis-platinum

A

nephrotoxicity

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11
Q

side effect of anthracyclines

A

cardiotoxicity

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12
Q

side effect of neuropathy

A

vinca alkaloids

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13
Q

side effect of alkylating agents

A

infertility

secondary malignancy

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14
Q

why does chemo fail

A

slow tumour doubling time

tumour sanctuaries

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15
Q

what limits chemo intensity

A

myelosuppression

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16
Q

why is chronic lymphoid leukaemia difficult to treat

A

p53 mutations

17
Q

what drug is given in Hodgkin lymphoma

A

bleomycin

18
Q

what can but given in high grade B cell NHL

A

rituximab

19
Q

prophylactic drugs given to chemo patients

A

anti-fungals

- itraconazole/ posaconazole

20
Q

how does chronic myeloid leukaemia progress

A

chronic phase – accelerated phase – blast crisis

21
Q

which cancers respond well to chemo and why

A

lymphoma, CLL and acute leukaemia

cells are more easily triggered to undergo apoptosis

22
Q

what is neutropenic sepsis

A

sepsis + neutrophil count <0.5

0r <1 if chemo in past 21 days

23
Q

what type of drug is useful in chronic myeloid leukaemia

A

tyrosine kinase inhibitor

24
Q

what does rituximab ‘kill off’

A

anti CD20- B cells

Haematology Year 3 (21 decks)

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