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MRCP Oncology > Cytotoxic agents > Flashcards

Cytotoxic agents Flashcards

1
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Alkylating agent

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2
Q

What agents cause cross-linking in DNA

A

Alkylating agents (e.g. Cyclophosphamide)

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3
Q

Adverse effects of alkylating agents

A

Haemorrhagic cystitis myelosuppression
transitional cell carcinoma

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4
Q

What cytotoxic agent degrades preformed DNA

A

Bleomycin

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5
Q

Adverse effect of bleomycin

A

Lung fibrosis

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6
Q

Doxorubicin

A

Anthracycline

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7
Q

What group of agents stabilise DNA-topoisomerase II complex and inhibits DNA & RNA synthesis

A

Anthracyclines (e.g. doxorubicin)

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8
Q

Adverse effects of anthracyclines

A

Cardiomyopathy

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9
Q

Bleomycin and anthracyclines come under what group of cytotoxic agents?

A

Cytotoxic antibiotics

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10
Q

What agent inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthesis

A

Methotrexate

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11
Q

Adverse effect of methotrexate

A

Myelosuppression
mucositis
liver fibrosis
lung fibrosis

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12
Q

Pyrimidine analogue inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by blocking thymidylate synthase (works during S phase)

A

Fluorouracil (5-FU)

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13
Q

Adverse effect of Fluorouracil (5-FU)

A

Myelosuppression
mucositis
dermatitis

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14
Q

Purine analogue that is activated by HGPRTase, decreasing purine synthesis

A

6-Mercaptopurine

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15
Q

Adverse effect of mercaptopurine

A

Myelosuppression

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16
Q

Pyrimidine antagonist. Interferes with DNA synthesis specifically at the S-phase of the cell cycle and inhibits DNA polymerase

A

Cytarabine

17
Q

Adverse effects of cytarabine

A

Myelosuppression
ataxia

18
Q

Inhibits formation of microtubules

A

Vincristine, vinblastine

19
Q

Adverse effects of vincristine/vinblastine

A

Vincristine:
Peripheral neuropathy (reversible)
paralytic ileus

Vinblastine:
myelosuppression

20
Q

Prevents microtubule depolymerisation & disassembly, decreasing free tubulin

21
Q

Side effect of docetaxel

A

Neutropaenia

22
Q

Inhibits topoisomerase I which prevents relaxation of supercoiled DNA

A

Topoisomerase inhibitors
- e.g. Irinotecan

23
Q

Adverse effects of topisomerase inhibitors

A

Myelosuppression

24
Q

Mechanism of action of cisplatin

A

Causes cross-linking in DNA

25
Q

Adverse effects of cisplatin

A

Ototoxicity
peripheral neuropathy hypomagnesaemia

26
Q

Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, decreasing DNA synthesis

A

hydroxycarbamide (hydroxyurea)

27
Q

Side effects of hydroycarbamide

A

Myelosuppression

MRCP Oncology (17 decks)

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