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Histology > Cytoskeleton and Cell inclusions > Flashcards

Cytoskeleton and Cell inclusions Flashcards

1
Q

Give examples about cell inclusions

A
  • stored food
  • colored pigments
  • crystals
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2
Q

What are the characteristics of cell inclusion

A
  • temporary components of the cytoplasm
  • non-living materials produced as a result of cell activity
  • products of cellular metabolism
  • exogenous substances which brought into the cell
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3
Q

Give examples about crystals in the cytoplasm

A

Crystals as oxalate , calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate may be present in the cytoplasm

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4
Q

Why in some conditions crystals present in great amount in the cytoplasm

A

Present in great amounts in certain cells because of some pathological conditions

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5
Q

Give examples about the stored food in the cytoplasm

A
  • Carbohydrates as glycogen inside certain cells as liver or muscle cells
  • fat , stored as small or large globules in certain cells , also stored as small droplets in liver cells
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6
Q

Types of glycogen stored in certain cells as liver and muscle cells .

A

There are two types of glycogen —> Alpha glycogen particles —>Beta glycogen particles

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7
Q

Types of pigments

A
  • Exogenous pigments —> comes from outside the cell

- endogenous pigments —> it is formed by body cells and perform certain functions in some cells

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8
Q

Some fatty woman may eat large amounts of carrots for doing a regime , their skin may become yellowish in color , what is the name of this condition?

A
  • The condition is called carotenemia —> colouration is due to deposition of carotene pigments in certain connective tissue cells of their skin .
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9
Q

Location of carotene pigments

A

Present in certain vegetables as carrots 🥕 and tomatoes 🍅

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10
Q

What are dust pigments ?

A

Small particles of dust may enter the body through the respiratory system . They precipitate in the cells of the lung causing black pigmentation

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11
Q

What are the tattoo marks ?

A

Colored pigments introduced to the skin by needle pricks , taken by phagocytic cells of the skin , cause permanent colored marks on the skin

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12
Q

Minerals pigments what are they ?

A

They are small minerals as silver and lead , they may enter the vital cells and may cause silver or lead poisoning , they may enter through respiratory , digestive systems or the skin

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13
Q

Types of exogenous pigments

A
  • carotene pigments
  • dust pigments
  • minerals
  • tattoo marks
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14
Q

Types of endogenous pigments

A
  • hemoglobin pigments
  • melanin pigments
  • lipofusin or lipochrome pigments
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15
Q

What are the lipofusin and lipochrome pigments ?

A

They represent a normal end product of wear and tear that resists digestion by lysosomes enzymes

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16
Q

Location of lipofusin or lipochrome pigments ?

A

They accumulate as residual bodies in the very long-livid cells , such as cardiac muscle cells and nerve cells

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17
Q

Which cell can form melanin pigments

A

It is formed by melanocyte cells

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18
Q

Location of melanin pigments

A

It is present in the cells of skin , hair and eye .

19
Q

Which cell can form haemoglobin pigments

A

It is formed by red blood corpuscles

20
Q

What are the derivatives of hemoglobin pigments

A

Hemosiderin , bilirubin , and biliverdin pigments

21
Q

Function and contents of cytoskeleton

A
  • forms the skeleton of each cell and is responsible for its specific shape
  • it consists of several classes of structural elements
    • microtubules
    • microfilaments
    • microvilli ( tubules and filaments )
22
Q

Structure of microvilli

A

Formed of microtubules and microfilaments covered by cell membrane

23
Q

Function of microvilli

A

They increase the efficiency of absorption and the surface area of the cell .

24
Q

Shape of microvilli

A

They are like projections on the surface of certain cells of the body

25
Q

Location of microvilli

A

Located on intestine liver and kidney cells

26
Q

Function of microfilaments in microvilli of certain cells

A
  • They play a role in their contraction , elongation and shortening
  • present also at the basal parts the microvilli of the intestinal epithelium and known as terminal webs
  • this terminal webs play a role in the movements of microvilli
27
Q

Function of microfilaments in cell division

A
  • They form a contractile ring which helps in the separation of the dividing cells
28
Q

Function of microfilaments in blood platelets

A

They help in retraction of blood clot

29
Q

Function of microfilaments in muscle cells

A

Are responsible for muscular contraction

30
Q

Function of microfilaments in certain blood cells

A

They help in their amoeboid movement

31
Q

Types of microfilaments

A
  • Actin filaments / thin filaments
  • myosin filaments / thick filaments
  • intermediate filaments
32
Q

Where we can finde actin/thin filaments and myosin/thick filaments ?

A

At muscle cells

33
Q

Where can we find intermediate filaments

A

Found in variety of cells , they are called neurofirills in nerve cells

34
Q

Location of microfilaments at cell

A

At the cytoplasm

35
Q

Location of microtubules

A

They are present in all kind of cells

36
Q

Appearance of microtubules in cross section

A

Appear as tiny circles

37
Q

Length and strength of microtubules

A

They are of variable length and are sufficiently elastic to bend without breaking

38
Q

Structure of microtubules

A
  • they are cylindrical filamentous structures about 250 angstrom in diameter ( 25 nm )
  • formed of protein known as tubulin which present in a soluble form
39
Q

Function of colchicine in the treatment of cancer

A

It is a cytotoxic drug which prevents the formation of microtubules of the centrioles in order to stop cell division

40
Q

Function of microtubules in cell division

A

They push the pairs of centrioles in order to complete the process of cell division

41
Q

Function of microtubules in cilia

A

Concerned in the movement of cilia

42
Q

Function of microtubules at the cytoplasm

A

Facilitate the transport of various particles throughout the cytoplasm

43
Q

The main function of microtubules at the cell

A

Acts as a skeleton for the cell

Histology (5 decks)

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