Cytoskeleton Flashcards
Name the strictly peroxisomal processes
Alpha oxidation of branched chain fatty acids
Beta oxidation of long chain fatty acids
Name all peroxisomal processes
Alpha oxidation of branched chain fatty acids
Beta oxidation of long chain fatty acids
Catabolism of amino acids and ethanol
Synthesis of bile and plasmalogens
In which site in the body synthesis of plasmalogens is important
White matter of brain
Why does Zellweger Syndrome happen
Disorder of peroxisome biogenesis
Mutated PEX gene
Symptoms of Zellweger syndrome
Hypotonia
Seizures
Jaundice
Craniofacial dysmorphia
Hepatomegaly
early death
Genetic makeup of Refsum disease
Autosomal recessive
Cause of Refsum disease
Alpha oxidation disorder leads to buildup of phytanic acid
Symptoms of Refsum disease
Scaly skin
ataxia
cataract
shortening of 4th toe
Epiphyseal dysplasia
Genetic makeup of Adrenoleukodystrophy
X linked recessive
Cause of Adrenoleukodystrophy
Mutation of beta oxidation
mutation of ABCD1 gene
Where does the buildup of VLCFA take place in adrenoleukodystrophy
Adrenal gland
white matter of brain
testes
Leuko means white matter of brain
Symptoms of ALD
ALD- Adrenoleukodystrophy
Adrenal gland crisis
Progressive loss of neurological function
Death
Microtubule structure
Alpha tubulin + beta tubulin + 2GTP
13 subunits
Give function of microtubule and examples
intracellular transport and division
Cilia. flagella, muscle spindle
Give function of microfilaments
Muscle contraction and cytokinesis
Actin and microvilli
Give classification of intermediate filament
Vimentin - fibroblasts (II)
cytokeratin- epithelial cells (I)
Desmin (III)
Lamins (v)
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (III)
Neurofilaments (IV)
Give the role of dynein and kinesin in transport
Dynein- Retrograde - +–>-
Kinesin - Anterograde - - —> +
Ready? Attack (Mnemonic).
Negative end near nucleus
Positive end near perihery
Which of the following is involved in slow axoplasmic transport _______ (microtubule/microfilament/intermediate filament)
Microtubule
Which bacteria and toxins happen due to retrograde transport to neuronal cell
Clostridium toxin
Herpes Simplex Virus
Tetani toxin
Polio virus
rabies
Hottie Pravit
Drugs acting on microtubules
Mebendazole - antihelminth
Griseofulvin - antifungal
Colchicine- antigout
Vinca Alkaloids- anticancer
Taxanes- anticancer
microtubules get constructed very terribly
Cilia structure arrangement
Axoneme- 9 doublet (periphery) + 2 singlet (center)
Basal Body - 9 triplets in periphery
Function of non motile cilia
Signal sensor and role in signal transduction
Found in photoreceptor cells
Diseases caused due to dysgenesis of non motile cilia
Polycystic kidney disease
Mitral valve prolapse
Retinal Degeneration
Mechanism of bending of cilia
Differential sliding of doublets
What cell connection coordinates ciliary movement
Gap junctions
Primary ciliary dyskinesia genetic makeup
Autosomal recessive
Mechanism of primary ciliary dyskinesia
Dynein arm defect—–> immotile cilia—> dysfunctional ciliated epithelium
What is the most common type of primary ciliary dyskinesia
Kartagener syndrome
PCD with situ inversus
Symptoms of Primary ciliary dyskinesia
Impaired migration and orientation (situ inversus)
Hearing loss (dysfunctional eustachian tube cilia)
Recurrent infections sinusitis; bronchiectasis (impaired ciliary clearance of debris)
Infertility (ectopic pregnancy due to dysfunctional fallopian tube cilia; immotile spermatozoa)
Lab findings in PCD
Decreased nasal nitric oxide
screening test
Which subunit is involved in the production of microtubule from centrosome
Gamma subunit
In cold temperature microtubules _____ (assemble/disassemble)
Disassemble
Arrange according to diameter
Microtubule
Microfilament
Intermediate filament
Microtubule>Intermediate filament>Microfilament
What is a common symptom seen when intermediate filaments are abnormal
Skin blistering
How many classes of myosin are present
18
Give the basis of ciliary and sperm movement
Coordinated dynein interaction with axoneme
Cytokinesis is done by which filament
Microfilaments
Centrosome is formed by
2 centrioles arranged perpendicularly
Which is longer (cilia/flagella)
Flagella
Primary cilia are (motile/non-motile) ______ because they act as antennae.
non motile
The _______is the microtubule organizing center of a cell.
centrosome
Only flagellated cell in human body is
Sperm
______project from cell surfaces and contain microtubules that allow them to move substances across the cell surface
Cilia
______are minute fingerlike extensions that increase the surface area of a cell.
Microvilli
Cross-linked microfilaments within a cell form the ________on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane to give stability and strength.
terminal web
The intercellular linker proteins in desmosomes are ______.
Cadherins
