Cytoskeleton

Question 1

Name the strictly peroxisomal processes

Answer 1

Alpha oxidation of branched chain fatty acids
Beta oxidation of long chain fatty acids

Question 2

Name all peroxisomal processes

Answer 2

Alpha oxidation of branched chain fatty acids
Beta oxidation of long chain fatty acids
Catabolism of amino acids and ethanol
Synthesis of bile and plasmalogens

Question 3

In which site in the body synthesis of plasmalogens is important

Answer 3

White matter of brain

Question 4

Why does Zellweger Syndrome happen

Answer 4

Disorder of peroxisome biogenesis

Mutated PEX gene

Question 5

Symptoms of Zellweger syndrome

Answer 5

Hypotonia
Seizures
Jaundice
Craniofacial dysmorphia
Hepatomegaly
early death

Question 6

Genetic makeup of Refsum disease

Answer 6

Autosomal recessive

Question 7

Cause of Refsum disease

Answer 7

Alpha oxidation disorder leads to buildup of phytanic acid

Question 8

Symptoms of Refsum disease

Answer 8

Scaly skin
ataxia
cataract
shortening of 4th toe
Epiphyseal dysplasia

Question 9

Genetic makeup of Adrenoleukodystrophy

Answer 9

X linked recessive

Question 10

Cause of Adrenoleukodystrophy

Answer 10

Mutation of beta oxidation

mutation of ABCD1 gene

Question 11

Where does the buildup of VLCFA take place in adrenoleukodystrophy

Answer 11

Adrenal gland
white matter of brain
testes

Leuko means white matter of brain

Question 12

Symptoms of ALD

ALD- Adrenoleukodystrophy

Answer 12

Adrenal gland crisis
Progressive loss of neurological function
Death

Question 13

Microtubule structure

Answer 13

Alpha tubulin + beta tubulin + 2GTP

13 subunits

Question 14

Give function of microtubule and examples

Answer 14

intracellular transport and division

Cilia. flagella, muscle spindle

Question 15

Give function of microfilaments

Answer 15

Muscle contraction and cytokinesis

Actin and microvilli

Question 16

Give classification of intermediate filament

Answer 16

Vimentin - fibroblasts (II)
cytokeratin- epithelial cells (I)
Desmin (III)
Lamins (v)
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (III)
Neurofilaments (IV)

Question 17

Give the role of dynein and kinesin in transport

Answer 17

Dynein- Retrograde - +–>-
Kinesin - Anterograde - - —> +

Ready? Attack (Mnemonic).

Negative end near nucleus
Positive end near perihery

Question 18

Which of the following is involved in slow axoplasmic transport _______ (microtubule/microfilament/intermediate filament)

Answer 18

Microtubule

Question 19

Which bacteria and toxins happen due to retrograde transport to neuronal cell

Answer 19

Clostridium toxin
Herpes Simplex Virus
Tetani toxin
Polio virus
rabies

Hottie Pravit

Question 20

Drugs acting on microtubules

Answer 20

Mebendazole - antihelminth
Griseofulvin - antifungal
Colchicine- antigout
Vinca Alkaloids- anticancer
Taxanes- anticancer

microtubules get constructed very terribly

Question 21

Cilia structure arrangement

Answer 21

Axoneme- 9 doublet (periphery) + 2 singlet (center)
Basal Body - 9 triplets in periphery

Question 22

Function of non motile cilia

Answer 22

Signal sensor and role in signal transduction

Found in photoreceptor cells

Question 23

Diseases caused due to dysgenesis of non motile cilia

Answer 23

Polycystic kidney disease
Mitral valve prolapse
Retinal Degeneration

Question 24

Mechanism of bending of cilia

Answer 24

Differential sliding of doublets

Question 25

What cell connection coordinates ciliary movement

Answer 25

Gap junctions

Question 26

Primary ciliary dyskinesia genetic makeup

Answer 26

Autosomal recessive

Question 27

Mechanism of primary ciliary dyskinesia

Answer 27

Dynein arm defect—–> immotile cilia—> dysfunctional ciliated epithelium

Question 28

What is the most common type of primary ciliary dyskinesia

Answer 28

Kartagener syndrome

PCD with situ inversus

Question 29

Symptoms of Primary ciliary dyskinesia

Answer 29

Impaired migration and orientation (situ inversus)
Hearing loss (dysfunctional eustachian tube cilia)
Recurrent infections sinusitis; bronchiectasis (impaired ciliary clearance of debris)
Infertility (ectopic pregnancy due to dysfunctional fallopian tube cilia; immotile spermatozoa)

Question 30

Lab findings in PCD

Answer 30

Decreased nasal nitric oxide

screening test

Question 31

Which subunit is involved in the production of microtubule from centrosome

Answer 31

Gamma subunit

Question 32

In cold temperature microtubules _____ (assemble/disassemble)

Answer 32

Disassemble

Question 33

Arrange according to diameter
Microtubule
Microfilament
Intermediate filament

Answer 33

Microtubule>Intermediate filament>Microfilament

Question 34

What is a common symptom seen when intermediate filaments are abnormal

Answer 34

Skin blistering

Question 35

How many classes of myosin are present

Answer 35

18

Question 36

Give the basis of ciliary and sperm movement

Answer 36

Coordinated dynein interaction with axoneme

Question 37

Cytokinesis is done by which filament

Answer 37

Microfilaments

Question 38

Centrosome is formed by

Answer 38

2 centrioles arranged perpendicularly

Question 39

Which is longer (cilia/flagella)

Answer 39

Flagella

Question 40

Primary cilia are (motile/non-motile) ______ because they act as antennae.

Answer 40

non motile

Question 41

The _______is the microtubule organizing center of a cell.

Answer 41

centrosome

Question 42

Only flagellated cell in human body is

Answer 42

Sperm

Question 43

______project from cell surfaces and contain microtubules that allow them to move substances across the cell surface

Answer 43

Cilia

Question 44

______are minute fingerlike extensions that increase the surface area of a cell.

Answer 44

Microvilli

Question 45

Cross-linked microfilaments within a cell form the ________on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane to give stability and strength.

Answer 45

terminal web

Question 46

The intercellular linker proteins in desmosomes are ______.

Answer 46

Cadherins