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BMIS 430 > Cytoskeleton > Flashcards

Cytoskeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have the following?
Cytoskeleton, intracellular movement

A

Prokaryotic cells have none
Eukaryotic have both

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2
Q

what is the cytoskeleton?

A

The network of protein filaments that provides structural framework also plays a role in cell movement and mitosis

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3
Q

How is the cytoskeleton dynamic?

A

Can dismantle in one spot and reassemble in another to change cell shape

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4
Q

what structure organizes the cytoplasm?

A

Cytoskeleton

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5
Q

Which of the following play a role in signalling?
Microfilaments, Microtubules, Intermediate filaments

A

All

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6
Q

What are the subunits of Microfilaments and microtubules

A

Microfilaments: Actin
Microtubules: ab-tubulin dimers

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7
Q

What is the diameter, structure and function of the following:
microfilaments
intermediate filaments
microtubules

A

Microfilaments: 7-9 nm, double helix, maintain cellular shape
Intermediate filaments: 10 nm, two anti-parallel helices/dimers (tetramers), maintain internal tridimensional structure of the cell
Microtubules: 25 nm, polymer of tubulin subunits, intracellular transport, alpha and beta tubulin

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8
Q

Are the filaments (microtubules included) permanent structures?

A

No they are dynamic.

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9
Q

What is G-actin and F-actin

A

G-actin are the subunits that come together to form microfilaments
G-actin polymerizes to form F-actin

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10
Q

Are microtubules and microfilaments polar or non-polar?

A

Polar

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11
Q

which end of microfilaments grow faster

A

the plus end

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12
Q

Where are actin filaments nucleated?

A

nucleated at the plasma membrane

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13
Q

What is the strongest filament

A

intermediate filament

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14
Q

what are the four classes of intermediate filaments? where are they found?

A

Cytoplasmic: Keratins (epithelial cells), Vimentins (in connective tissue, muscle cells and glial cells), Neurofilaments (nerve cells)

Nuclear: Nuclear lamins (all animal cells)

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15
Q

what role does microtubules play in mitosis?

A

mitotic spindle

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16
Q

How do microtubules affect kinesin and dynein?

A

controls directionality

17
Q

What is taxol?

A

Anticancer drug which stops mitosis

18
Q

Which polarized end are subunits added to in microtubules?

A

Plus end

19
Q

How many protofilaments are in a tubulin monomer

A

13 laterally associated protofilaments

20
Q

which direction does kinesin and dyneins move on a microtubules?

A

Kinesins towards the plus end
Dynein towards the negative end

21
Q

what are the 3 types of junctions

A

anchoring, tight, gap

22
Q

adhesiveness of cadherin depends on what

A

Calcium and cadherin transgene

23
Q

What is EMT

A

epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, nonmotile epithelial cells to motile cells

24
Q

How is E-cadherin activity affected by EMT and cancer progression

A

Adhesion is lost, activity decreases

25
Q

What are the main differences between classical and desmosomal cadherin?

A

Classical: two specialized cadherins: desmoglein and desmocolin
Desmosomal: interact with adaptor proteins such as plakoglobin

26
Q

What are hemidesmosomes?

A

Specialized cell-matrix adhesion structures that are associated with the keratin cytoskeleton

27
Q

What are tight junctions (kissing points)

A

Permeability barriers
prevent free exchange of solutes
Maintain polarity by separating the apical and basolateral ends
Made up of plasma membrane proteins

28
Q

What are the main integral membrane proteins in tight junctions

A

Occludin: dispensable
Claudins: indispensable

29
Q

What are claudins

A

Code 20-27 kda protiens wiht four transmemebrane proteins
Involved in Signaling pathways by C-terminal interaction

30
Q

Structure and function of gap junctions

A

Cylinders of six dumbbell-shaped connexin molecules
Allow passage of ions and molecules smaller than 1200 Da
transmission in heart for muscle contraction

BMIS 430 (7 decks)

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