Cytology (Yr 4)

Question 1

what cell types are indicative of inflammation?

Answer 1

neutrophil, macrophages, eosinophil, lymphocyte

Question 2

what are the three broad groups neoplastic cells can develop from?

Answer 2

epithelial
mesenchymal
round

Question 3

are most skin tumours of dogs and cats benign or malignant?

Answer 3

dogs - benign
cats - malignant

Question 4

what are the differentials for round cell tumours?

Answer 4

histiocytoma
plasma cell tumour
mast cell tumour
lymphoma

Question 5

how do neoplastic mesenchymal cells usually look?

Answer 5

comet shape or wind mill arms (like sperm)

Question 6

how do lipomas look under a microscope?

Answer 6

difficult to distinguish from normal subcutaneous adipose tissue (benign tumour)

Question 7

what are some causes of non-neoplastic non-inflammatory tumour like lesions?

Answer 7

keratinising cysts (sebaceous cysts)
sebaceous hyperplasia (raised hairless, cauliflower shaped lesions)

Question 8

how does keratin appear under a microscope?

Answer 8

anucleated square shaped keratinocytes

Question 9

what are the criteria of malignancy?

Answer 9

hypercellularity
pleomorphism
high/variable nucleus:cytoplasm ratio
multinucleation
karyomegaly (increased nuclear size)
mitoses
nuclear moulding
large, variably size nucleoli

Question 10

what are the two types of criteria of malignancy?

Answer 10

nuclear criteria
cytoplasmic criteria

Question 11

which group of criteria of malignancy is stronger?

Answer 11

nuclear

Question 12

how many criteria of malignancy does a sample need to have to be considered malignant?

Answer 12

at least 3 (nuclear are stronger)