cytology intro Flashcards
Spontaneous generation
The formation of living organisms from non-living matter
Who set out to prove that spontaneous generation does not occur? When did this happen?
Louis Pasteur in 1880’s
What famous experiment help debunk spontaneous generation?
Two flasks are filled with broth that is then boiled. On one flask the neck of is heated bent into an S shape. The other is not. Air could reach the broth but micro-organisms and other particles would get caught in the s bend.
What other experiment involving Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation.
Making a nutrient broth of yeast and sugar. If the flask was sealed the broth remained unchanged and no fungi or other organisms emerged.
The study of cells
Cytology
Cell theory
All organisms are made up of one or more cells
cells are the smallest unit of life
All cells come from pre-existing cells
Sir Robert Hooke
Coined the word cell, developed the simple microscope. Studied many organisms and even plant material such as cork.
1665
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Improved the magnification and resolution of microscopes.
“The father of Microbiology”
First to study and document one celled organisms
term of organisms he observed where animalcules
1680s
Matthias Schleiden
Concluded that all plants are composed of cells
1838
Theodor Schwann
animal tissue consists of cells
1839
Rudolf Virchow
all cells are produced from division of pre-existing cells.
1855
The basic functions of life
homeostasis, reproduction, growth, response, metabolism. excretion, nutrition
Two main categories of cells
prokaryotic (before nucleus)
eukaryotic (true nucleus)
prokaryotic cells are _____ and ______ than eukaryotic cells, most are ________
smaller and simpler
less than 1 um in diameter
Prokaryotic cells are often called
bacteria
common structures of prokaryotic cells
plasma membrane, flagella, cell wall, pili, ribosomes, nucleoid region, plasmids
main form of reproduction in bacteria
asexual, specifically in bacteria called binary fission.
Binary fission
the single circular chromosome composed of DNA is replicated. The cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells.
Bacterial conjugation
sexual reproduction involving a conjugation tube from the pili.
Eukaryotic cells
advanced cells that occur in organisms other than bacteria
eg. algae, protozoans, fungi, plants, animals
specialized structures within the cell area are called organelles and are surround by a membrane