CYTOLOGY Flashcards
Simplest form of carbohydrate for cellular metabolism and production of energy
Glucose
Give the 3 components of cytoskeleton and describe them.
- Microtubule - for movement control & some aspect of mitosis
- Intermediate filaments - (?)
- Actin filaments - smallest
Give the 4 cations.
- Na+
- K+
- Ca++
- Mg+
5 Basic substances of protoplasm:
- Provide inorganic chemicals for cellular reactions
Electrolytes
5 Basic substances of protoplasm:
- Have little structural function (glycocalyx of cell membrane) but provide most of the nutritional requirements of cell
Carbohydrates
Collective term for different substances that make up a cell.
Protoplasm
Give some examples of anabolism processes.
Carbohydrate, protein, lipid, and steroid synthesis in RER and SER
Give the 4 anions.
- Cl-
- HCO3-
- PO4-
- SO4-
Give the 2 forms of proteins and their definitions.
- Structural protein - fibrillar forms
- Globular - composed of individual protein molecules and are usually globular forms
Parts of an animal cell:
- Protein tubules which reinforce cell shape by holding organelles in proper position and support the whole structure.
Cytoskeletions
Parts of an animal cell:
- Both regarded as cytoplasmic vacuoles
- Contains hydrolase & oxidase, enzymes which bind to and destroy microorganisms and foreign agents during phagocytosis
Lysosome (suicidal bag) and peroxisome
Parts of an animal cell:
RER is for the synthesis of ?
- Protein
Parts of an animal cell:
- Guides spindle fibers during mitosis and meiosis
Centriole
Parts of an animal cell:
- Functions is protein synthesis within the cell
Free ribosomes
Parts of an animal cell:
- Contains gene/DNA
Chromosome/chromatin granule
Parts of an animal cell:
- Contains RNA
Nucleolus
Storage form of carbohydrate in liver; skeletal muscle (pancreas)
Glycogen
5 Basic substances of protoplasm:
- Most abundant substance next to water
- Constitutes 10%-20%
Proteins
Parts of an animal cell:
- Powerhouse
- Produces energy in the form of ATP
- 36 ATP per complete cycle
Mitochondrion
Parts of an animal cell:
- Made up of lipid bilayer & glycocalyx
- Regulates influx & efflux of cytoplasmic substances
Cell membrane
5 Basic substances of protoplasm:
- Most important of which are phospholipid and cholesterol
- Constitutes 2%
- Used to form cell membrane
Lipids
Parts of an animal cell:
- Spheroidal body within a cell
Nucleus
Parts of an animal cell:
SER is for the syntheses of ?
- Lipid
- Steroid
- Carbohydrate
Storage form of lipid in fat cells
Triglycerides/neutral fats
Give some example of catabolism processes.
- Glycolysis/Glycogen breakdown in the liver and skeletal muscle to produce glucose upon action of glucagon
The basic structural and functional unit of life capable of performing series of physical and chemical processes necessary for their survival - metabolism.
Cell
5 Basic substances of protoplasm:
- Principal fluid medium
- Constitutes 70% - 85% (3/4) of cell mass
Water/H2O
Parts of an animal cell:
- Porous double membrane enclosing nucleoplasm contents (fluid component)
Nuclear envelope
