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Cytokines Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

IL-1 (A/B)

  1. Sources
  2. targets/Functions
A
  1. Source: phagocytes, lymphocytes, endothelial cells
  2. **Targets/Function: **
    • ​​activates cells lymphocytes and macrophages
    • increases adhesion molecule expression
    • fever
    • release of acute phase proteins.
    • Increases endothelium permeability.
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2
Q

TNF-alpha

  1. Sources
  2. targets/function
A
  1. **Source: **macrophages, dendritic cells, epithlelial cells
  2. Targets/Functions
    • ​Tissue cells–> induce antiviral state, MHC I expression
    • Stimualte NK cells, TH1 cells
    • induce production of IL-12
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3
Q

IL-12

  1. Source
  2. Target/function
A
  1. **Source: **Macrophages and dendritic cells (stimulated by TNF-alpha)
  2. Target/function
    • ​​​Activates Tc-cells (cytotoxic T-cells), NK cells
    • Induce TH0–> TH1 conversion, suppress TH2 activities
    • promotes cell-mediated immunity (CMI)
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4
Q

IL-2

  1. Source
  2. Target/functions
A
  1. **sources: **T-cells
  2. Targets/functions
    • Induce t-cell proliferation
    • activate Tc cells (cytotoxic T-cells)
    • stimulates B-cells.
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5
Q

IL-6

  1. Sources
  2. Target/Functions
A
  1. Sources: lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells
  2. Targets/Functions
    • ​​Induce b-cell differentiation
    • production of acute phase proteins in liver
    • fever
    • Th17 induction= neutrophil response to fungi and EC bacteria
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6
Q

IL-3

  1. Sources
  2. Target/Functions
A
  1. **Sources: **Released from T-cells
  2. Functions: Induces growth and differentiation in hematopoetic stem cells
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7
Q

IL-4

  1. Sources
  2. Targets/functions
A
  1. Sources: TH2 cells, mast cells, macrophages
  2. Targets-functions
  • Induces TH0==>TH2 conversion,
  • B-cell growth
  • IgE and IgG4 isotype selection
  • Eosinophil and mast cell activation
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8
Q

IL-5

  1. Source
  2. **Targets-function **
A
  1. Source: TH2 cells and mast cells
  2. Target/Functions: induces b-cell growth; IgA isotype selection; eosinophil maturation and activation
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9
Q

IL-8

  1. Sources
  2. Targets/ Functions
A

AKA CXCL8= CXCL= chemotaXIc cytokine

  1. **Sources: **macrophages, endothelial cells and fibroblasts
  2. Targets: neutrophils, basophils t-cells. Functions as chemotaxic and angiogenic
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10
Q

IL-7

  1. Sources
  2. Targets/Functions
A
  1. Sources: bone marrow stromal cells
  2. **targets/functions: **induces proliferation in B and T cell precursors. NEEDED FOR B-CELL H-CHAIN REARRANGEMENT TO MAKE PRE-B from PRO-B
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11
Q

IL-10

  1. Sources
  2. Target/Functions
A
  1. **Sources: **Treg cells, macrophages, maybe Th2 cells?
  2. Targets: Macrophages and dendritic cells **Function: **inhibits IL-12 synthesis and promotes B-cell immunity. This inhibits cell mediated immunity and promotes humoral (b-cell) immunity.
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12
Q

IL-13

  1. Sources
  2. **Targets/Functions **
A
  1. **Sources: **TH2 cells
  2. **Targets: **macrophages and B-cells. **Function: **induce B-cell growth and differentiation, inhibits inflammatory cytokine prodcution, promotes IgE production
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13
Q

IL-15

  1. Sources
  2. Targets/Function
A
  1. **Sources: **Macrophages, T-cells
  2. **Targets/Function: **induces T-cell prolifeartion, activates TC cells, stimulates B-cells.

***SIMILAR TO IL-2!!***

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14
Q

IL-17

  1. Sources
  2. Targets/Functions
A
  1. Sources: TH17 cells,
  2. Target: neutrophils, monocytes, fibroblasts. Function: induce production of IL-6 and IL-8==chemotaxis for neutrophils (8) and fever, ACP, B-cells (6)

Important in certain autoimmunte diseases andi nflammation, especially ones involving the skin.

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15
Q

IL-18

  1. Sources
  2. Targets/Function
A

AKA IFNγ-inducing factor

  1. **sources: **Phagocytes
  2. targets/function: targets T-cells to induce production of IFNγ, IL2 and GM-CSF.
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16
Q

IL-22

  1. Source
  2. **Targets/Function **
A
  1. **Source: **Th17 cells
  2. Function: activates keratinocytes

Functional importance compared with IL-17

17
Q

TNF-ß

  1. Source
  2. Target/Function
A
  1. **Source: **lymphocytes
  2. Target/Function- the same as TNF-alpha (which is the same as IL-1 with some extras) minus the shock. Total things TNF-beta does:
  • induce MHC I expression
  • Tumor necrosis
  • angiogenesis
  • [IL-1] activates lymphocytes and macrophages; activates endothelium (increased adhesion molecules), ===pro-inflammation
18
Q

IFN-alpha

  1. Sources
  2. Targets/Functions
A
  1. **Sources: **macrophages, dendritic cells, epithelial cells
  2. Targets/Function:
  • targets tissue cells to induce antiviral state,
  • increased MHC I expression (Cytotoxic t-cells)
  • NK-cell activation
  • TH1 activation
  • IL-12 production

BASICALLY: Pro-inflammatory, antiviral state induced

19
Q

IFN-Beta

  1. Sources
  2. Targets/Function
A
  1. **Sources: **fibroblasts, epithelial cells
  2. **Targets/Function: **
  • antiviral state
  • MHC I expression
20
Q

IFN-Gamma

  1. Sources
  2. Targets/Functions
A
  1. **Sources: **T-cells, NK cells
  2. Targets/Functions
  • ​inhibition of TH2 cells
  • Increase leukocyte: endothelial cell adherence
  • Induce expresssion of MHC I and MHC II
  • Activation of phagocytes
  • Induce IgG class switching to IgG1 and IgG3 (inflammatory)

Basically activates cell mediated immunity.

21
Q

M-CSF

  1. Sources
  2. Target/Function
A
  1. **Sources: **macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells
  2. **Targets/Function: **induce proliferation of monocyte precursor cells

M-CSF= MONOCYTE- colonoy stimulating factor (monocytes==>macrophages)

22
Q

G-CSF

  1. Sources
  2. **Target/Function **
A
  1. **Sources: **Macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells
  2. **target/Fx: **induces proliferation and maturation of granulocyte precursors (basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils)

G-CSF= granulocyte colony stimulating factor

23
Q

GM-CSF

  1. Sources
  2. **Target/Function **
A
  1. **Sources: **(like other CSF –endothelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages) + T-cells
  2. **Target/Functions- **targets granylocyte precursors “and a number of other cells” to promote differentiation of precuroses and stimulates production of neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages

GM- granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor

24
Q

TGB-alpha

  1. Sources
  2. Target/Function
A
  1. **Sources: **macrophages “and other cells”
  2. **target/fx: **
  • ​targets fibroblasts, epithelial and endothelial cells.
  • Fibroblast growth and angiogenesis

TFG= tumor growth factor

25
Q

TGF-Beta

  1. **Sources: **
  2. Targets/Fx
A
  1. **Sources: **Treg cells, macrophges and “other cell types”
  2. **Target/Fx: **inhibits immune and inflammatory response, stimulate IgA production

Immunology (12 decks)

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