Cytokines and Chemokins of Innate immunity (Heck) Flashcards
Innate immunity
Immediate actions, non specific
Protective barriers (skin)
Cytotoxic molecules (toxic to either our cells or microbes)
Phagocytic cells (ingest pathogens)
Adaptive immunity
Highly specific defense
lymphocytes
Cytokines
Proteins/Peptides that are chemical signals produced in response to antigens that mediate immunity and inflammatory reactions
Type I cytokine receptors
Hemopoietin receptors
Jak-STAT signaling
Type II cytokine receptors
Jak-STAT signaling
IL-1 Family Receptors (cytokines)
Toll-Like/ IL-1 receptors
TNF receptors (cytokines)
May induce apoptosis or other effects
have death domain
Seven Transmembrane a-helical receptors
GPCR’s (G protein coupled receptors)
Pathogen associated molecular patterns
Patterns that are only seen on pathogens and microbes that shouldn’t be located in the human body
Categories of cytokines
1) Mediators/regulators of innate immunity
2) Mediators/regulators of adaptive immunity
3) Mediators of hematopoiesis
TNF or TNF-alpha
Acute inflammatory response to gram-negative bacteria
stimulates recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes to infection site and activates them
Functions of TNF
induces vascular endothelial cells to express selection (for leukocyte extravasation)
induces vascular endothelial cells and macrophages to secrete chemokines
stimulates mononuclear phagocytes to produce
IL-1
Stimulates microbial action of neutrophils and macrophages
Aspirin
prostaglandin inhibitor (reduces fever)
TNF action on hypothalamus
stimulates production/secretion of prostaglandins causing Fever
TNF action on liver
induces increased synthesis of serum proteins
including CRP which is used clinically to monitor inflammatory response
CRP
produces by liver in presence of large amounts of TNF
measured in lab to monitor TNF induced inflammatory response
Acute-phase response
induced by TNF in liver
production of proteins that are going to attach to molecular patterns associated with pathogens (opsonization) and allow their phagocytosis
CRP is an acute-phase response protein
binds to phosphorylcholine residues
makes pathogens more visible
Septic Shock
Producing too much TNF
What activates TNF
LPS (toll like receptor) from gram negative bacteria
IFN-gamma released by t-cells and NK cells
What is TNF produced by
Activated mononuclear phagocytes
Antigen stimulated T cells
NK cells
Mast Cells
Toll Like receptors
Recognize pathogen associated molecular pattens that are usually on microbes or pathogens that shouldn’t be in the body
what produces IL-12
activated dendritic cells and activated macrophages
what is the main function of chemokines
leukocyte movement and extravasation
IFN gamma
stimulates macrophages to kill engulfed bacteria
produced by NK and T cells
IL-12
stimulates NK and T cells to make IFN-gamma leading to increased macrophage killing
also leads to increased cytotoxic activity
T helper differentiation
IL-10
inhibits innate immune response
Septic shock symptoms
Hyperthermia or hypothermia tachycardia hypotension tachypnea acute hyperventilation with respiratory alkalosis mental status change history suggest new infection
Basiliximab
prevents IL-2 from binding its receptor to inhibit transplant rejection
