Cytokines and Chemokins of Innate immunity (Heck)

Question 1

Innate immunity

Answer 1

Immediate actions, non specific

Protective barriers (skin)

Cytotoxic molecules (toxic to either our cells or microbes)

Phagocytic cells (ingest pathogens)

Question 2

Adaptive immunity

Answer 2

Highly specific defense

lymphocytes

Question 3

Cytokines

Answer 3

Proteins/Peptides that are chemical signals produced in response to antigens that mediate immunity and inflammatory reactions

Question 4

Type I cytokine receptors

Answer 4

Hemopoietin receptors

Jak-STAT signaling

Question 5

Type II cytokine receptors

Answer 5

Jak-STAT signaling

Question 6

IL-1 Family Receptors (cytokines)

Answer 6

Toll-Like/ IL-1 receptors

Question 7

TNF receptors (cytokines)

Answer 7

May induce apoptosis or other effects

have death domain

Question 8

Seven Transmembrane a-helical receptors

Answer 8

GPCR’s (G protein coupled receptors)

Question 9

Pathogen associated molecular patterns

Answer 9

Patterns that are only seen on pathogens and microbes that shouldn’t be located in the human body

Question 10

Categories of cytokines

Answer 10

1) Mediators/regulators of innate immunity
2) Mediators/regulators of adaptive immunity
3) Mediators of hematopoiesis

Question 11

TNF or TNF-alpha

Answer 11

Acute inflammatory response to gram-negative bacteria

stimulates recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes to infection site and activates them

Question 12

Functions of TNF

Answer 12

induces vascular endothelial cells to express selection (for leukocyte extravasation)

induces vascular endothelial cells and macrophages to secrete chemokines

stimulates mononuclear phagocytes to produce
IL-1

Stimulates microbial action of neutrophils and macrophages

Question 13

Aspirin

Answer 13

prostaglandin inhibitor (reduces fever)

Question 14

TNF action on hypothalamus

Answer 14

stimulates production/secretion of prostaglandins causing Fever

Question 15

TNF action on liver

Answer 15

induces increased synthesis of serum proteins

including CRP which is used clinically to monitor inflammatory response

Question 16

CRP

Answer 16

produces by liver in presence of large amounts of TNF

measured in lab to monitor TNF induced inflammatory response

Question 17

Acute-phase response

Answer 17

induced by TNF in liver

production of proteins that are going to attach to molecular patterns associated with pathogens (opsonization) and allow their phagocytosis

CRP is an acute-phase response protein

binds to phosphorylcholine residues

makes pathogens more visible

Question 18

Septic Shock

Answer 18

Producing too much TNF

Question 19

What activates TNF

Answer 19

LPS (toll like receptor) from gram negative bacteria

IFN-gamma released by t-cells and NK cells

Question 20

What is TNF produced by

Answer 20

Activated mononuclear phagocytes

Antigen stimulated T cells

NK cells

Mast Cells

Question 21

Toll Like receptors

Answer 21

Recognize pathogen associated molecular pattens that are usually on microbes or pathogens that shouldn’t be in the body

Question 22

what produces IL-12

Answer 22

activated dendritic cells and activated macrophages

Question 23

what is the main function of chemokines

Answer 23

leukocyte movement and extravasation

Question 24

IFN gamma

Answer 24

stimulates macrophages to kill engulfed bacteria

produced by NK and T cells

Question 25

IL-12

Answer 25

stimulates NK and T cells to make IFN-gamma leading to increased macrophage killing

also leads to increased cytotoxic activity

T helper differentiation

Question 26

IL-10

Answer 26

inhibits innate immune response

Question 27

Septic shock symptoms

Answer 27

Hyperthermia or hypothermia
tachycardia
hypotension
tachypnea
acute hyperventilation with respiratory alkalosis
mental status change 
history suggest new infection

Question 28

Basiliximab

Answer 28

prevents IL-2 from binding its receptor to inhibit transplant rejection