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Immuno > Cytokines and Chemokines-Monika > Flashcards

Cytokines and Chemokines-Monika Flashcards

1
Q

TNF

A

enhances NADPH oxidase activity

activates inducible nitric oxide synthase

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2
Q

IL-2

A

Growth factor for T cells
enhances NK cell cytotoxicity
role in pCTL to CTL differentiation

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3
Q

IL-3

A

Hematopoiesis (imp. for myeloid & lymphoid progenitor cell development)

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4
Q

IL-4

A

Required to isotype switch to IgE
Down regulation of Th1 cytokine production
Down regulation of iNOS (not as effective as TGFbeta)

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5
Q

IL-5

A

Hematopoeisis- differentiation of eosinophils
Chemotactic for eosinophils (recruiting to tissues)
activates eosinophils

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6
Q

IL-6

A

stimulates secretion of C-reactive protein from hepatocytes (inflammation)

if TGF present, role in Thp –>Th17 differentiation

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7
Q

IL-7

A

hematopoiesis- B and T cell differentiation (bone marrow and thymus)

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8
Q

IL-10

A

Down regulates IL-12 secretion by dendritic cells & macrophages (down regulation of Th1 Cytokines)

Down Regulates iNOS (TGF beta more effective)

inhibitory molecule

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9
Q

IL-12

A

Activates NK cells to secrete IFNgamma (enhanced if IL-15 or IL-18 present)

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10
Q

IL-13

A

In lung - mediates allergic asthma

role in helminth infections (nematodes- round worms)

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11
Q

IL-15

A

(with IL-12) helps to induce NK to secret IFN

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12
Q

IL1 and TNF (synergistic)

A
  1. inflammatory role
  2. (+) macrophages to secrete CK (IL1, 6, 12, TNF) & chemokines ( IL-8 & MCP-1)
  3. (+) endothelial cells–> (de novo expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin) + enhanced ICAM-2 expression.

(+) endothelial cells –> secrete chemokines IL-8 AND MCP-1
4. act on hypothalamus–>fever, lower BP –> shock

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13
Q

IL-17

A

induces expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines from wide range of cells (IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, G-CSF & metalloproteinases from macrophages
and other cell types)

Autoimmune disorders - if Th17 cells specific for self antigen

Chemotactic for neutrophils

Role in fungal and extracellular bacterial infections

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14
Q

IL-18

A

(with IL-12) helps to induce NK cells to secrete IFN

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15
Q

IL-21

A

Growth factor (amplification) of Th17 cells

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16
Q

IL-22

A

Proinflammatory -

elevated in inflammatory conditions (rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis)

17
Q

IL-23

A

Differentiation of Thp cells to Th17 cells in the presence of TGF & IL-6 or IL-1

Proinflammatory with 2 subunits: p19 and p40. (p40 = common to IL-12 and IL-23)

Elevated in multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, Crohn’s disease

18
Q

IL-33

A

Activates mast cells

Upregulated in intestinal parasite infection

Receptors found on Th2 cells

Alarmins = molecules released upon necrosis; released by some immune cells without undergoing necrosis.
-IL-33 released when endothelial/epithelial cells undergo damage/necrosis –> triggers immunological processes following trauma/infection (e.g. mast cell activation)

Dysregulated IL-33 –> asthma, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disorder

19
Q

IFN-gamma

A

Activates iNOS

Enhances activation of NADPH oxidase

Down regulates production of Th2 cytokines

Critical for Th0 differentiation to Th1 phenotype

(with IL-2) Promotes pCTL to CTL differentiation

Enhances expression of Class I MHC on nucleated cells

Enhances expression of Class II MHC on antigen presenting cells

20
Q

IFN-alpha and IFN-beta

A

Triggers production of enzymes (e.g. 2’5’oligoadenylate synthetase) that interfere with replication of some viruses

Inhibits T cell proliferation

Increases expression of Class I MHC on nucleated cells

21
Q

TGF-beta

A

Down regulation of iNOS

Differentiation of Th0 cells to a/i Tregs

In the presence of IL-6 or IL1 and IL-23 –> differentiation of Thp cells to Th17

22
Q

Colony Stimulating Factor: GM-CSF

A

Hematopoiesis

Differentiation of myeloid progenitor to GM-progenitor

Mobilization and activation of dendritic cells

23
Q

Colony Stimulating Factor: G-CSF

A

Hematopoiesis

Differentiation of GM progenitor to granulocyte/neutrophil

24
Q

Colony Stimulating Factor: M-CSF

A

Hematopoiesis

Differentiation of GM progenitor to monocyte

Immuno (6 decks)

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