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block 2 > cytokines > Flashcards

cytokines Flashcards

1
Q

sources of tumor necrosis factor (3)

A
  • macrophages
  • t cells
  • mast cells
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2
Q

targets and effects of tumor necrosis factor (6)

A
  • endothelial cells: activation of inflammation and coagulation
  • neutrophils: activation
  • hypothalamus: fever
  • liver: synthesis of acute-phase proteins
  • muscle/fat: catabolism (cachexia)
  • other cells: apoptosis
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3
Q

sources of IL-1 (5)

A
  • macrophages
  • dendritic cells
  • endothelial cells
  • some epithelial cells
  • mast cells
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4
Q

targets and effects of IL-1 (4)

A
  • endothelial cells: activation for inflammation and coagulation
  • hypthalamus: fever
  • liver: synthesis of acute-phase proteins
  • T-cells: Th-17 differentiation
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5
Q

cell sources of IL-12 (2)

A
  • dendritic cells
  • macrophages
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6
Q

targets and effects of IL-12 (2)

A
  • NK cells and T cells: IFN-gamma production, increased cytotoxic activity
  • T cells only: Th1 differentiation
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7
Q

cellular sources of IFN-gamma (2)

A
  • NK cells
  • T cells
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8
Q

IFN-gamma effects (2)

A
  • activation of macrophages
  • stimulation of antibody responses
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9
Q

cellular sources of IFN-alpha (2)

A
  • dendritic cells
  • macrophages
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10
Q

cellular sources of IFN-beta (2)

A
  • fibroblasts
  • epithelial cells
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11
Q

targets and effects of IFN-alpha/beta

A
  • all cells: antiviral state, increase MHC 1 expression
  • NK cells: activation
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12
Q

cellular sources of IL-10 (3)

A
  • macrophages
  • dendritic cells
  • T cells
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13
Q

targets and effects of IL-10

A

macrophages and dendritic cells: inhibition of cytokine and chemokine production, reduced expression of costimulators/MHC2 molecules

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14
Q

cellular sources of IL-6 (3)

A
  • macrophages
  • endothelial cells
  • t cells
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15
Q

targets and effects of IL-6

A
  • liver: synthesis of acute-phase proteins
  • B cells: proliferation of antibody-producing cells
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16
Q

cellular sources of IL-15

A
  • macrophages
17
Q

targets and effects of IL-15 (2)

A
  • proliferation of NK cells and T cells
18
Q

cellular sources of IL-18

A

macrophages

19
Q

targets and effects of IL-18

A
  • IFN-gamma synthesis in NK cells and T cells
20
Q

targets and effects of TGF-beta

A
  • T cells: differentiation of Th17, regulatory T cells
  • inhibition of inflammation
21
Q

antiviral state is induced by ____ and ____.

A

antiviral state is induced by IFN-alpha and IFN-beta.

22
Q

T-helper cells express CD____ and cytotoxic T cells express CD ____.

A

T-helper cells express CD4 and cytotoxic T cells express CD8.

23
Q

Cell-mediated immunity is most effective against (intracellular/extracellular) microbes.

A

Cell-mediated immunity is most effective against intracellular microbes.

24
Q

Humoral immunity is most effective against (intracellular/extracellular) microbes.

A

Cell-mediated immunity is most effective against extracellular microbes.

25
Q

Naive T-cells mature in the ____ tissues and are presented antigen by ____.

A

Naive T-cells mature in the secondary lymphoid tissues and are presented antigen by dendritic cells.

26
Q

Effector T-cells are presented antigen ____ (place) by ____ and ____ if they are CD4+ and ____ if they are CD8+.

A

Effector T-cells are presented antigen throughout the body (place) by macrophages and B cells if they are CD4+ and any cell if they are CD8+.

27
Q

3 types of antigen presenting cells and their functions

A
  • dendritic cells: present antigent to naive T cells
  • macrophage: present antigen to stimulate effector functions of T cells
  • B cells: present antigen to CD4+ helper cells to start antibody production
28
Q

dendritic cells are derived from ____.

A

dendritic cells are derived from __bone marrow__.

29
Q

pathogens in lymph will be phagocytized by ____ in the ____.

A

pathogens in lymph will be phagocytized by __dendritic cells__ in the __lymph nodes__.

30
Q

pathogens in blood will be phagocytized by ____ in the ____.

A

pathogens in blood will be phagocytized by __dendritic cells__ in the __spleen__.

31
Q

outcome of MHC II pathway

A
  • activate macrophage to increase toxicity
  • stimulate B cells to make antibodies
32
Q

outcome of MHC I pathway

A
  • kill virus infected cells
  • kill tumor cells
33
Q

Human MHC-I genes are called HLA-____, ____, and ____.

A

Human MHC-I genes are called HLA-A, __B__, and __C__.

34
Q

Human MHC-II genes are called HLA-____, ____, and ____.

A

Human MHC-II genes are called HLA-__DR__, __DQ__, and __DP__.

block 2 (5 decks)

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