cytokines Flashcards
Il-6 is mainly secreted by
macrophages
IL-6 levels have been shown to be elevated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and can be used as a marker of disease severity. In rheumatoid arthritis, macrophages release IL-6 which contributes to its pathogenesis.
Il-1 is involved in acute inflammation and induces fever what cell is its main source
macrophages
Il2 is secrete from TH1 cells to stimulate growth and differentiation of the T cell response what cytokines are released from Th2 cells to stimulate profliferaiona and differentiation of B cells and stimulate proliferation of eosinophils respectively
Il4 abd IL5
as we know iL6 released by macrophages and also Th2 cells stimautle diff of B cells nd induces fever but what cytokine released from macrophages causes neutrophil chemotaxis
IL8
IL-12 activates NK cells and stimulates diff of naive T to Th1 cells released by what
dendritic cel
macrohages and B cells
Il 10 is related from Th2 cells to do what
inhibit Th1 ytokien production - anti-inflammatory cytokine
Il-3 is release by activated T helper cells what does it do
Stimulates differentiation and proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells
TNF-alpha is related by macrophages to do what
induce fever and neutrophil chemotaxis
IFN-Y released by what and does what
released by TH1 cells and activates macrophages
what antibodies fix complement
IgG and IgM
what cells mediate hyperacute( minutes to hours) organ rejection
B cells
T cells are adjust acute
what cells are involved in chronic transplant rejection
fibroblasts
what are interferons
Interferons (IFN) are cytokines released by the body in response to viral infections and neoplasia.
They are classified according to cellular origin and the type of receptor they bind to.
IFN-alpha and IFN-beta bind to type 1 receptors whilst IFN-gamma binds only to type 2 receptors.
do IFN-alpha and beta bind to the same receptors
yes
IFN alpha is produced by what
leucocytes
antiviral action
useful in hepatitis B & C, Kaposi’s sarcoma, metastatic renal cell cancer, hairy cell leukaemia
adverse effects include flu-like symptoms and depression
IFN b is produced by what
fibroblasts
produced by fibroblasts
antiviral action
reduces the frequency of exacerbations in patients with relapsing-remitting MS
IFN-b is useful in what condition to prevent relapses
MS
IFN-a is useful in what
hep B and C
INF-gamma is produced by what and useful in what disease
predominately natural killer cells. Also by T helper cells
weaker antiviral action, more of a role in immunomodulation particularly macrophage activation
may be useful in chronic granulomatous disease and osteopetrosis
what is the cell surface marker for macrophages
CD14
cell surface marker for Epstein Barr virus
CD21
unique marker for NK cells
CD56
HLA antigens are encoded for by genes on chromosome 6. HLA A, B and C are class I antigens whilst DP, DQ, DR are class II antigens. Questions are often based around which diseases have strong HLA associations
HLA-A3
haemochromastois - iron levels slowly build up over time resulting in loss of sex drive and darkening of the skin
treated with phlebotomy
HLA-DQ2/DQ8
coeliac disease
HLA-DR2
goodpastures
HLA-DR4
type 1 diabetes mellitus and RA ( DRB1 0401 and 0404)
The Fab region of an immunoglobulin is the outermost part, containing a constant and a variable domain of a heavy and a light chain. The variable region determines antigen specificity, and is responsible for antigen binding.
graves
The Fc region interacts with the cell surface receptors. It is consistent across each class of immunoglobulins, and determines the class effect.
Gillian barre
epitope
The epitope is the region of the antigen which binds the antibody; specifically, the Fab region.
which of the following cytokines matches the description in the text - what activates macrophages
IFN-gamma
