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PoD Test 1 > Cytokine Functions > Flashcards

Cytokine Functions Flashcards

1
Q

IL-1

A

Fever

Acute Inflammation

Activates endothelium to express adhesion molecules

Induces chemokine secretion for WBCs

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2
Q

IL-6

A

Fever

Acute phase proteins

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3
Q

TNF -a

A

Activates endothelium, causing WBC recruitment and increased vascular permeability

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4
Q

IL-8

A

Major chemotactic factor for Neutrophils

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5
Q

IL-12

A

Induces differentiation of T cells into Th1 cells

Activates NK cells

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6
Q

IL-2

A

Stimulates growth of all T cells and NK cells

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7
Q

IL-3

A

Growth and differentiation of all bone marrow stem cells

Functions like GM-CSF

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8
Q

IFN-y

A

Secreted by NK cells and Th1 cells

Stimulates macrophages to kill phagocytosed pathogens

Activates NK cells to kill virus-infected cells

Increases MHC expression and antigen presentation

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9
Q

IL-4

A

Induces differentiation of Th2 cells

Promotes growth of B cells

Enhances class switching to IgE and IgG

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10
Q

IL-5

A

Promotes growth and differentiation of B cells

Enhances class switching to IgA

Stimulates growth and differentiation of eosinophils

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11
Q

IL-10

A

Attenuates inflammatory response

Decreases expression of MHC class II and Th1 cytokines

Inhibits activated macrophages and dendritic cells

Secreted by regulatory T cells

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12
Q

What are three general actions of interferons?

A

Downregulate protein synthesis

Upregulate MHC expression

Activate antitumor immunity

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13
Q

What cytokines are secreted by Th1 cells?

A

IFN-y

IL-2

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14
Q

What cytokines are secreted by Th2 cells?

A

IL-4

IL-5

IL-6

IL-10

IL-13

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15
Q

What cytokines are secreted by Th17 cells?

A

IL-17

IL-21

IL-22

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16
Q

What cytokines are released by macrophages?

A

IL-1

IL-6

TNF-a

IL-8

IL-12

17
Q

What are the actions of PGI2, PGD2, and PGE2?

A

Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

PGE2 also mediates pain and fever

18
Q

What is the function of LTB4?

A

Attracts and activates neutrophils

19
Q

What is the function of LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4?

A

Vasoconstriction, bronchospasm, increased vascular permeability

Delayed response (after histamine)

I.e. smooth muscle contraction

20
Q

What is the function of histamine?

A

Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

Immediate response

21
Q

What is the function of C3a and C5a?

A

Trigger mast cell degranulation, resulting in histamine-mediated vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

C5a - chemotactic for neutrophils

22
Q

What is the function of C3b?

A

Opsonin for phagocytosis

23
Q

What are the key mediators of redness and warmth associated with inflammation?

A

Histamine

Prostaglandins

Bradykinin

24
Q

What are the key mediators of swelling?

A

Histamine

Tissue damage

25
Q

What are the mediators of pain?

A

Bradykinin and PGE2

Sensitize sensory nerve endings

26
Q

What are the pyrogens?

A

IL-1 and TNF-a increase COX activity in hypothalamus

PGE2 raises temperature set point

27
Q

What is the role of TNF and IL-1 in neutrophil arrival?

A

Upregulate cellular adhesion molecules on the endothelium

28
Q

What are the four principal attractors of neutrophils?

A

Bacterial products

IL-8

C5a

LTB4

29
Q

What cytokines are responsible for attenuating and resolving the immune response?

A

IL-10

TNF-B

Produced by macrophages

PoD Test 1 (31 decks)

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