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Bio 142: Fundamentals of Cytogenetics > Cytogenetics Methods > Flashcards

Cytogenetics Methods Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

reagent that inhibits formation of spindle fibers

A

colchicine

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2
Q

What stage are cells arrested at for karyotyping?

A

metaphase

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3
Q

banding technique used for plant cells

A

N-banding

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4
Q

reagent that acts as mitogen

A

phytohemagglutinin (PHA)

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5
Q

banding technique used for animal cells

A

G-banding

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6
Q

Why is trypsin used in karyotyping animal cells?

A

Trypsin denatures proteins (histones)

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7
Q

type of staining that produces uniformly-stained chromosomes

A

solid staining

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8
Q

information obtained from solid staining

A

number, size, shape, and arm ratios of individual chromosomes

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9
Q

Who invented Romanowsky staining?

A

Dmitri Romanowsky (1891)

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10
Q

type of staining that produces chromosomes with domains, patterns, or bands

A

differential staining

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11
Q

stain used in Q-banding

A

quinacrine mustard

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12
Q

this absorbs light of a particular wavelength due to a chemical bond formed between dye and light

A

chromophore

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13
Q

Which region stains darkly in Q-banding?

A

AT-rich regions

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14
Q

What stain is used in G-banding?

A

Giemsa stain

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15
Q

How does Giemsa bind to DNA?

A

intercalation

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16
Q

Giemsa is a mix of ____ and ____ dyes.

A

thiazine and eosin

17
Q

The interaction of DNA with thiazine and eosin components results in the brightening of _____-rich regions.

A

sulphur

18
Q

What treatment is used for N-banding?

A

5% trichloroacetic acid + 0.1N HCl

19
Q

What is stained in N-banding?

A

structural non-histone proteins linked to NOR (nucleolar organizing region)

20
Q

What stain is used in C-banding?

A

Giemsa stain

21
Q

What type of heterochromatin is found in the centromere?

A

constitutive heterochromatin

22
Q

What banding technique/s reveal facultative heterochromatin?

A

G- or Q-banding

23
Q

What banding technique/s reveal euchromatin?

A

R-banding

24
Q

What banding technique/s reveal constitutive heterochromatin?

A

C-banding

25
Q

organic molecules capable of undergoing fluorescence

A

fluorochromes

26
Q

This method makes use of specific DNA probes bound to fluorescent dyes

A

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH)

27
Q

sequence that corresponds to sequence of the gene in a particular segment

A

probe

28
Q

What are the steps of FISH?

A
  1. labeling of probe with fluorescent dye
  2. denaturation and hybridization
29
Q

What are the three types of probes?

A
  1. whole chromosome painting probes
  2. locus-specific probes
  3. centromeric (satellite) probes

Bio 142: Fundamentals of Cytogenetics (4 decks)

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