CYTOGEN 3RD TRINAL Flashcards
- diff varieties of chromosomes
VARIATION
- division of normal chromosome
structure
MUTATION
- Change in the sequence structure of genetic
material
MUTATION
2 TYPES OF MUTAGENS
- PHYSICAL MUTAGENS
- CHEMICAL MUTAGENS
e.g., X-rays, UV rays
Physical Mutagens
- leads to cancer
e.g., mustard gas, nicotine, benzene
Chemical Mutagens
ORIGIN OF MUTATION
1) HEREDITARY/GERMLINE MUTATION
2) ACQUIRED/SOMATIC MUTATION
- runs in the family
- de-novo mutation = new (no previous
history, first time to experience)
HEREDITARY/GERMLINE MUTATION
- occurs in body cells
- Not hereditary
- e.g., cancer
ACQUIRED/SOMATIC MUTATION
TYPES OF MUTATION
On basis of HOW
- SPONTANEOUS
- INDUCED -
TYPES OF MUTATION
On basis of HOW that naturally occurs (internal
factors)
SPONTANEOUS
TYPES OF MUTATION
On basis of HOW is an external factors (mutagens)
——>Euploidy (tri, tetra, so on)
INDUCED
TYPES OF MUTATION
On basis of WHERE
- DNA or gene mutation-
- Chromosomal aberration -
TYPES OF MUTATION
On basis of WHERE that changes in
structure/number
Chromosomal aberration
TYPES OF MUTATION
On basis of WHERE that is a point mutation
DNA or gene mutation
causative agent of mutation
mutagens
2 copies of each chromosome
somatic non sex cells
composed of first 22 copies of chromosome
diploid organism
sex cells,
one copy of each chromosome (gametes)
last chromosome (X,Y)
haploid
- equational division takes place in
somatic cells
mitosis
process of mitosis
interphase
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
last step in the process of mitosis and is a divison of 2 new cells
cytokenesis
- normal chromosome
-No. of sets of chromosomes in a biological
cell.
PLOIDY
- abnormal chromosome
- is the state of a cell or organism having an
integral multiple of monoploid number
EUPLOIDY
- Refers to number of basic chromosome sets
PLOIDY