CYTOGEN 1ST TRINAL Flashcards
is the study of inherited traits and
their variation.
Genetics
is the transmission of traits and
biological information between generations,
and genetics is the study of how traits are
transmitted
Heredity
are the units of heredity. Genes are
biochemical instructions that tell cells, the
basic units of life, how to manufacture certain
proteins
Genes
- the basic units of life
Cells
The ______ transmits information in its sequence of four types of building blocks, which function like an alphabet.
A gene consists of this long molecule
DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid
The complete set of genetic instructions
characteristic of an organism, including
protein-encoding genes and other DNA
sequences, constitutes a
genome
resembles a spiral staircase or double
helix.
DNA
are pairs of the four types of
building blocks, or nitrogenous bases: adenine
(A) and thymine (T), which attract each other,
and cytosine (C) and guanine (G).
DNA double helix
the four types of building blocks, or nitrogenous bases:
adenine
thymine
cytosine
guanine
the chains of the double helix
untwist and separate, and then each half
builds a new partner chain from free DNA
bases.
DNA replication
copies the sequence of part of
one strand of a DNA molecule into a related
molecule, messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Transcription
, each three RNA bases in a row
attract another type of RNA that functions as a
connector, bringing in a particular amino acid.
Translation
- A change in a gene, can have an
effect at the whole-person level, such as
causing a disease.
Mutation
- The human genome has about 20,325
protein-encoding genes, and these DNA
sequences comprise it
Exome
– The same protein-encoding gene may
vary slightly in DNA base sequence from
person to person.
Alleles
- The DNA sequences of the
human genome are dispersed among 23
structures.
Chromosomes
A_____________ (non-sex cell) has 23
pairs of chromosomes.
human somatic cell
22 of these 23 human somatic cell pairs are
autosomes
The autosomes are numbered from 1 to
22, with 1 being the
largest.
23rd pair of chromosome is the X and Y
chromosome
(Sex Chromosomes
- Charts display the chromosome
pairs from largest to smallest.
Karyotypes
- A trait caused predominantly by a
single gene
Mendelian
- determined by one or
more genes and environmental factors
Multifactorial traits
– Groups of differentiated cells
assemble and interact with each other
Tissues