Cyclic-di-GMP Flashcards
cyclic di GMP is a small molecule and
secondary mesenger (like ppGpp)
cyclic di GMP plays a major role in
biofilm formation
also linked to:
sporulation, motility, cell cycle progression and virulence gene expression
What enzyme makes cyclic GMP?
DGC’s - diguanylate cyclases
with GGDEF ci-di-GMP is made
DGC’s have
GGDEF domains
together DGC’s with GGDEF domains synthesise cyclic-di-GMP
What enzymes hydrolyse ci-di-GMP? (2)
PDE’s phosphodiesterases containing:
EAL or HD-GYP domains
What regulates the production of cyclic di gmp?
environmental signals
light, O2, redox, antibiotics
some response regulators have
GGDEF/EAL/HD GYP domains as output domains
cyclic di GMP in surface sensing and biofilm formation in p.aerugenosa
it is a 2 component system
WspE/R
WspE = histidine kinase controlled by surface sensor WspA
WspE phosphorylates WspR, the response regulator
WspR-P produces cyclic-di-GMP which is detected by FleQ
FleQ controls flagellar gene expression, ci-di-gmp keeps in inactive state
Cyclic di gmp outside reading
Most c-di-GMP-dependent signaling pathways control the ability of bacteria to interact with abiotic surfaces or with other bacterial and eukaryotic cells. Cyclic di-GMP plays key roles in lifestyle changes of many bacteria, including transition from the motile to the sessile state, which aids in the establishment of multicellular biofilm communities, and from the virulent state in acute infections to the less virulent but more resilient state
characteristic of chronic infectious diseases.
From a practical standpoint, modulating c-di-GMP signaling pathways in bacteria could represent a new way of controlling formation and dispersal of biofilms in medical and industrial settings. Cyclic di-GMP participates in interkingdom signaling. It is recognized by mammalian immune systems as a uniquely bacterial
molecule and therefore is considered a promising vaccine adjuvant.
