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sci exam 1 > cycle test 3 yr9 > Flashcards

cycle test 3 yr9 Flashcards

1
Q

example of a longitudinal wave

A

sound

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2
Q

example of a transverse wave

A

light

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3
Q

what are the two main parts/features of a longitudinal wave

A

compressions and rarefactions

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4
Q

what are the two main parts/features of a transverse wave

A

troughs and crests

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5
Q

do longitudinal waves require a medium

A

yes, for vibrations to occur

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6
Q

do transverse waves require a medium

A

not required, can travel through vacumes

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7
Q

how is the energy transferred in a longitudinal wave?

A

the energy is transferred through vibrations in the direction of the wave (side to side)

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8
Q

how is the energy transferred in a transverse wave?

A

The energy is transferred vertically to the direction of the wave

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9
Q

amplitude in sound affects:

A

the volume

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10
Q

frequency in sound affects:

A

pitch

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11
Q

what is a period

A

The time it takes for two successive crests (one wavelength) to pass a point, or one full wave sycle

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12
Q

what is a wavelength

A

the distance between two identical points in a wave (eg. trough to trough)

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13
Q

what is an oscilloscope?

A

a device used to watch/study changing signals eg. sound waves and currents

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14
Q

what is period shown as and measured in

A

t, or time, measured in seconds

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15
Q

what is frequency

A

how many full cycles per second

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16
Q

what is frequency measured in

A

hertz (1 cycle = 1 hertz)

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17
Q

what is amplitude

A

the baseline (graph) to the crest of a wave

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18
Q

how to calculate frequency

A

1/period of time

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19
Q

how to calculate period

A

1/frequency

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20
Q

what is wave speed measured in

A

m/s

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21
Q

velocity is shown as

A

v

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22
Q

velocity is calculated by

A

frequency times wavelenth

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23
Q

if you decrease wavelength you

A

increase frequency

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24
Q

does increasing the frequency alter the wave speed?

A

no! instead the wavelength will decrease proportionally (inversely)

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25
Q

speed equals

A

distance over time

26
Q

what is the speed of light

A

3 times 10 to the power of 8 m/s

27
Q

is ultrasound higher or lower than a humans range of hearing?

A

higher

28
Q

is infrasound higher or lower than a humans range of hearing?

A

lower

29
Q

what is the range of human hearing

A

20-20000

30
Q

what are some qualities of ultrasound waves

A

high f, low wavelength, converts electrical energy to sound for use in imaging

31
Q

what kind of waves are x-rays

A

light waves, electro magnetic

31
Q

why is it important to have high frequency and low wavelengths in ultrasound imaging

A

less diffraction, and therefore clearer images

32
Q

what are some differences between ultrasound and x-rays
(don’t look)
ultrasound
reflects of tissues to produce images, can show soft tissue and fluid
sensors detect the reflection

produces a real time vid
safe, non ionising waves

A

x-rays
is blocked by pones (prevents light from affecting filter screen) so used for looking at bones
film detects light coming through (or lack of (white parts))
image is developed after
ionising radiation is created

33
Q

how does an oscilloscope measure waves

A

it converts sound waves into electric signals that can be viewed on a screen

34
Q

what spectrum are light waves on?

A

Electro-magnetic spectrum

35
Q

what are some qualities of radio waves

A

low energy and danger

36
Q

what are radio waves used for

A

communication (not as sound waves)

37
Q

how large do radio waves have to be to be reflected by the ionosphere

A

10m (any smaller and they pass through)

38
Q

How do microwaves interact with water and metals

A

they are absorbed by water and reflected by metals

39
Q

how do microwaves interact with glass, paper and plastic?

A

they pass through

40
Q

What is infrared emitted by

A

objects emitting heat energy/ reflecting it

41
Q

what is ultraviolet light emitted by

A

the sun and other white hot objects

42
Q

how does ultraviolet light interact with the environment?

A

it is absorbed by solids and passes through air

43
Q

how does ultraviolet light affect humans

A

it increases melanin production, and can causes burns and cancer if overexposed

44
Q

what are some properties of gamma radiation

A

extremely high frequency and short wavelengths, most penetrating and ionising radiation

45
Q

what is gamma radiation emitted by?

A

radioactive substances

46
Q

definition of refraction

A

change of a direction of light (causes dispersion and bending of light)

47
Q

what is the iris?

A

the coloured part of the eye that controls the dilation and contraction of the pupil

48
Q

what is the pupil

A

hole in the center of the eye where light passes through to reach the retina

49
Q

what is the law of relfection

A

angle of incidence and reflection are equal

50
Q

what are the two kinds of reflection

A

specular and diffuse

51
Q

what does the lens do

A

it refracts light towards the retina

52
Q

what is the retina

A

receptor cells that detect light and sends impulses to the brain via the optic nerve.

53
Q

what is diffuse reflection

A

scattered reflections that produce an unclear image

54
Q

specular reflection

A

clear and even image (produced with a mirror like/smooth material)

55
Q

what is refraction

A

when a wave or light ray moves from one medium to another, causes a change in direction of light (due to speed changes)

56
Q

what is the critical angle

A

an angle that defines the minimum point of total internal reflection

57
Q

If the medium of refraction is less dense what happens to the light ray

A

it bends towards the normal

58
Q

If the medium of refraction is more dense what happens to the light ray

A

the light ray bends away from the normal

59
Q

the lower the amplitude:

A

the quieter the volume

60
Q

the lower the frequency:

A

the lower the pitch

sci exam 1 (6 decks)

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