body systems Flashcards
the process of removing wastes is called?
excretion
a tiny structure that filters blood
nephron
when your body digests protein it breaks it into
amino acids
amino acids when they can’t be used get turned into
ammonia
ammonia gets turned into
urea
bile is used to
digest fat and neutralise stomach acids
what does the liver do
make bile and filter blood
what does the oesophagus do
forces food to your stomach
what does the oesophagus do
forces food to your stomach
what does the mouth do
breaks down food and starts chemical digestion through saliva
what does the stomach do
churns the food and mixes it with gastric juice to assist digestion (food is called chyme now)
what does the pancreas do
creates pancreatic juices that digest food and neutralise gastric juices
small intestine size
5 meters and narrow
what does the small intestine do
it absorbs nutrients
where are villi
they line the small intestine
what does the villi do
increases surface area and consequently absorption and diffusion of nutrients into blood cappilaries
what does the large intestine do
absorbs water and vitamins
what does the rectum do
stores and releases waste
which organs of the digestive system don’t have food pass through
liver, pancreas, gallbladder
what do red blood cells do
carry oxygen on hemoglobin
what do white blood cells do
they fight disease
what does plasma do
carries nutrients
what do platelets do
cell fragments to heal wounds
what are the hearts 4 chambers called
two atriums and 2 ventricles
where does the right ventricle pump blood to
to the lungs to deposit carbon dioxide and collect oxygen
what comes into the left atrium?
oxygenated blood
what does the left ventricle do?
pumps blood out the aorta, pump oxygenated blood to the body
what do valves do
keep the blood moving in the right direction
blood travels through
blood vessels
arteries carry blood
away from the heart
capilliaries are to
exchange substances (eg oxygen)
veins carry blood where
to the heart
the trachea branches into
bronchi
the bronchi branch into
alvioli
does the diaphragm contract or relax while inhaling
contracts
how many stages of birth are there
3
how much must the cervix dilate during childbirth
10cm
what is the first stage of childbirth
the walls of the uterus contract and the cervix dilates
what is the second stage of childbirth
the babies birth
what is the third stage of childbirth
birth of placenta
oestrogen causes what to happen
egg to mature
testosterone causes what to happen
sperm production
what does gestation mean
pregnancy
mitosis
identical to parent
meiosis
is combination of parents genes
progesterone
maintains uterus lining thicknes
oestrogen
uterus lining thickens
follicle stimulating hormone
matures follicle
luteinizing hormone
makes egg burst from follicle
4 phases of menstruation
menstruation, follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase
during menstruation what happens?
the uterus lining breaks down
during the follicular phase what happens?
the uterus lining rebuilds
ovulation
egg is released into fallopian tube
luteal phase
uterus wall maintains thickness for implantation
