cycle test 1 yr 9 Flashcards
chemistry
acid + metal carbonate =
salt, water. carbon dioxide (neutralisation)
acid + metal =
salt + hydrogen
water +metal
metal hydroxide + hydrogen
acid + metal hydroxide
salt + water (neutralisation)
acid + metal oxide
salt + water (neutralisation)
lime water test tests for:
carbon dioxide
what does the squeaky pop test test for
hydrogen
chemical equation for sodium + water
Na+H2O=NaClH+H₂ (sodium +water=sodium chloride+hydrogen)
chemical equation for magnesium + hydrochloric acid
Mg+HCl=MgCl+H₂ (magnesium+hydrochloric acid=magnesium chloride +hydrogen)
hydrochloric acid =
Hcl- chloride salts
nitric acid=
HNO₃ - nitrate salts
sulphuric acid =
H₂SO₄ - sulphate salts
what happens to electrons in ionic bonds
The atoms transfer electrons to form a molecule (gain or lose electrons)
what happens to electrons in covalent bonds
the electrons are shared to form a covalent molecule
ionic bonding is between:
between metal and non-metal ions
covalent bonding is between:
between non-metals
what happens to electrons in metallic bonding
the electrons delocalised
what was john dalton’s atomic model
Atoms were tiny spheres or
solid balls
what was jj thompson’s atomic model
plum pudding (ball of positive charge with electrons in the ‘pudding’)
what was Ernest Rutherford’s atomic model
Positive charge concentrated in the nucleus
Electrons on the outside of the atom
what experiment did Ernest Rutherford do and what did it achieve
the gold foil experiment, he fired alpha particles at gold atoms it determined the nuclear model -> Revealed that an atom is mostly ‘empty space’ and
there is a positive charge in the nucleus of an atom
What was bohr’s nuclear model
he determined that electrons were arranged in the shells we know today
what was chadwick’s nuclear model
he discovered neutrons in the nucleus
what are the elements in group 1
alkali metals
what are group 7s
halogens
