Cyanosis Flashcards
Def of Cyanosis
- Bluish discoloration of the skin & mucous membrane due to the presence of reduced hemoglobin (> 5 gm/dl in the capillary blood or
due to the presence of abnormal Hb (sulph or met hemoglobinemia).
Cause of Cyanosis
- Due to the presence of reduced hemoglobin (> 5 gm/dl in the capillary blood
or
- Due to the presence of abnormal Hb (sulph or met hemoglobinemia).
Types of Cyanosis
DDx of Cyanosis
Argyria: in silver workers
Why is tongue NOT affected in peripheral cyanosis?
- Because the blood never stagnates in it due to:
1. Highly vascular
2. Present in the oral cavity (warm)
3. Has NO VC nerve fibers
When is tongue affected in peripheral cyanosis?
in SVC obstruction
When is tongue not affected in central cyanosis?
in deferential cyanosis
Cyanosis بالعربي
Compare between Central cyanosis (Hypoxic hypoxia) & Peripheral cyanosis (Stagnant hypoxia) in terms of:
- Etiology
- O2 Saturation
- Distribution
- Skin Temperature
- Pulse
- O2 Inhalation
- Exercise
- Warming
- Clubbing
- 2ry Polythemia
- Causes
Etiology of Central cyanosis (Hypoxic hypoxia)
- The blood leaves the LV containing high amount of reduced HB
Distribution in Central cyanosis (Hypoxic hypoxia)
As peripheral + tongue ‘’sides & under surface’
O2 Sat in Central cyanosis (Hypoxic hypoxia)
Decrease
Skin Temp in Central cyanosis (Hypoxic hypoxia)
Warm
Pulse in Central cyanosis (Hypoxic hypoxia)
Bounding (hyperdynamic)
Exercise & Central cyanosis (Hypoxic hypoxia)
May Increase
Warming & Central cyanosis (Hypoxic hypoxia)
No effect
O2 Inhalation in Central cyanosis (Hypoxic hypoxia)
Improve chest causes only
Clubbing & Central cyanosis (Hypoxic hypoxia)
In long standing causes
2ry Polycythemia & Central cyanosis (Hypoxic hypoxia)
May be present
Causes of Central cyanosis (Hypoxic hypoxia)
Causes of Central cyanosis (Hypoxic hypoxia) in the Lung
- Interstitial lung diseases (ILD)
- ARDS
- Asphyxia & foreign body inhalation
- Respiratory failure
Causes of Central cyanosis (Hypoxic hypoxia) In the Heart
Congenital cyanotic heart disease:
- F4, TGA & truncus arteriosus.
Cardiogenic shock:
- Advanced Heart failure.
- Pulmonary embolism.
- Pulmonary edema.
Causes of Central cyanosis (Hypoxic hypoxia) in The Liver
In the liver:
- Hepato-pulmonary
Etiology of Peripheral cyanosis (Stagnant hypoxia)
- The blood leaves the LV containing normal amount
of reduced HB, BUT there’s stagnation in the peripheral circulation
O2 Sat in Peripheral cyanosis
(Stagnant hypoxia)
Normal
Distribution in Peripheral cyanosis
(Stagnant hypoxia)
- Outer surface of the lips
- Tip of the nose
- Ear pinna
- Tip of the fingers & toes
Skin Temp in Peripheral cyanosis
(Stagnant hypoxia)
Cold
Pulse in Peripheral cyanosis
(Stagnant hypoxia)
Small volume
O2 Inhalation in Peripheral cyanosis (Stagnant hypoxia)
Not
Exercise & Peripheral cyanosis
(Stagnant hypoxia)
Improved
Warming & Peripheral cyanosis
(Stagnant hypoxia)
Improved
Clunning in Peripheral cyanosis
(Stagnant hypoxia)
No Clubbing
2ry Polythyemia in Peripheral cyanosis (Stagnant hypoxia)
-ve
Causes of Peripheral cyanosis
(Stagnant hypoxia)
