Cx Spine Flashcards
How many joints is the Upper Cx Athlanto-axial joint composed of?
3 Separate joints
What is the Median Atlanta axial joint?
It’s a pivot joint that lies between the dens and the atlas
It always the dens to rotate in the atlas
What are the two lateral athlanto axial joints?
Found between the superior facets of the axis and inferior facets of the atlas
It’s mainly for nodding
Rotation,lat flex,ext
What is the transverse Atlantal ligament?
It stretches across the atlas
What is excessive antero-posterior movement associated with?
Spinal cord damage
What are the Cx ligaments?
Anterior and Posterior Atlanto axial ligament
Ligamentum flavum
Tectorial membrane
What are the deep neck flexors?
Longissimus colli
Longisimus capitas anterior
What are other muscles of the neck?
SCM
Scalenes
Rectus capitas lateralis
Levator Scapulae
Trapezius(flexion of neck)
What are the extensor muscle that rotate head to opposite side?
Rotatores
Multifidus
What are the extensor muscles that rotate head to same side?
Semispinalis
Oblique capitas
Erector spinae
What are the causes of pain or limitation of movement in neck for the upper Cx?
Trauma
Degenerative conditions
Headaches
Neoplasm
Inflammatory conditions
What are the causes of pain or limitation of movement in neck for the lower Cx?
Cervical rib
Hypermobility syndrome
Wry neck
What is spondylosis?
Abnormal Wear on cx spine and cartilage
What is ankolysing spondylosis?
A Rhematoid condition causing inflammation of ligaments and the spine which leads to stiffness and discomfort
How can VBI be tested?
If there’s sufficient blood supply to the brain with Cx movement
What can cause compromised flow to the Veterbral atery?
Atherosclerosis
Osteophytes
Muscle spasm in the scalenes
Trauma
Vessel wall injury
What are risk factors to VBI?
Headaches
Oral contraceptives
Smoking
Blood clotting disorders
Trauma
What are the VBI S&S?
Dizziness
Diplopia
Disathria
Disphagia
Disathria
Drop attacks
Nausea
Nystgumus
Numbness around mouth
What are some signs of upper cx instability?
Facial paresthesia
Blurred vision
Loss of balance
Nausea
Nystagmus
Poor movement control
Decreased muscle strength
Positive instability tests
Empty end range feel
What are the causes of spine instability?
Inflammatory
Trauma
Congenital
Neoplasm
