CVS Overview

Question 1

what are the two loops of CVS circulation

Answer 1

pulmonary - takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be oxygenated
systemic - blood from heart to the rest of the body

Question 2

what is contained within the superior mediastinum

Answer 2

contains thymus gland. major vessels e.g aorta

Question 3

what is contained within the anterior mediastinum

Answer 3

mostly fat

Question 4

what is contained within the posterior mediastinum

Answer 4

oesophagus , aorta

Question 5

what is contained within the middle mediastinum

Answer 5

heart

Question 6

pericardium

Answer 6

fibrous tissue layer anchoring heart in place
2 layers :
visceral - inner , firmly attached to heart wall
parietal - outer
in between these layers is a small cavity containing serous fluid to minimise friction

Question 7

how does blood return to the right atrium

Answer 7

superior vena cava returns blood from upper body

inferior vena cava from lower

Question 8

what vein carries blood from mother to baby

Answer 8

umbilical vein

Question 9

foramen ovale

Answer 9

fetal specialisation

small hole between R and L atria as the lungs not used

Question 10

ductus arteriosus

Answer 10

allows bypass of lungs by blood vessel connecting pulmonary trunk to aorta

Question 11

fossa ovalis

Answer 11

formed when the foramen ovale shuts

Question 12

coronary sinus

Answer 12

collection of veins bringing deoxygenated blood to right atrium from heart parenchyma

Question 13

musculi pectinati

Answer 13

muscular folds in atria wall thought to increase blood force

Question 14

trabeculae carnae

Answer 14

muscular folds in ventricle wall though to increase blood force

Question 15

septal defects

Answer 15

holes in the heart

can be atrial ventricular or both

Question 16

infective endocarditis

Answer 16

heart valves narrow or become sticly

Question 17

‘end’ arteries

Answer 17

only vessles supplying a particular organ

only found in heart and eyes

Question 18

infarction

Answer 18

obstruction of blood supply causing the death of that tissue

Question 19

fibrillation

Answer 19

rapid and irregular contraction of the atria or ventricles

Question 20

what are the 3 layers of blood vessels

Answer 20

tunica intima - thin layer in direct contact with blood
tunica media - ratio of elastic fibres to smooth muscle depends on location
tunica adventitia - outer layer

Question 21

what is the general rule about the location of elastic and muscular arteries

Answer 21

the further away from the heart the less elastic fibres and the more muscle, except coronary