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CVS-Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four walls of the heart?

A

Septal
Anterior
Lateral
Inferior

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2
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A

Left and Right Atria
Left and Right Ventricle

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3
Q

What are the 3 surfaces of the heart?

A

Sternocostal surface: Anterior (RV)
Diaphragmatic surface: Inferior (LV and RV)
Pulmonary Surface: Facing on the left (LV)

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4
Q

What ecg leads supply to the anterior wall?

A

V3 to V4

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5
Q

What ecg leads supply to the inferior wall?

A

II, III, aVF

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6
Q

What ecg leads supply to the lateral wall?

A

V5, V6, I, aVL

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7
Q

What ecg leads supply to the septal wall?

A

V1, V2

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8
Q

______ receives venous blood from SVC and IVC

A

Right Atrium

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9
Q

Right atrium receives _____ blood from ____ and ____

A

Right atrium receives venous blood from SVC and IVC

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10
Q

Blood runs from _____ into the pulmonary trunk

A

Right Ventricle

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11
Q

______ receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via pulmonary veins

A

Left Atrium

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12
Q

Left Atrium receives ____ blood from the lungs via ______

A

Left Atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via pulmonary vein

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13
Q

_____ pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta

A

Left Ventricle

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14
Q

Left Ventricle pumps ____ blood into the ____

A

Left Ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta

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15
Q

(Random Qn) What is the term used to describe the period from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next heartbeat?

A

Cardiac Cycle

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16
Q

The cardiac cycle consists of ____ and ____

A

Systole and Diastole

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17
Q

Systole represents ventricular _____ while diastole represents ventricular _____

A

Systole represents ventricular contraction while diastole represents ventricular relaxation

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18
Q

Heart sounds
Lubb: ____ valve close at the ___ of ventricular ____

Dubb: ____ valve close at the _____ of ventricular _____

A

Lubb: AV valve closes at the start of ventricular systole

Dubb: Semilunar valve closes at the beginning of ventricular diastole

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19
Q

Which 2 valves make up the atrioventricular valves?

A

Bicuspid (Mitral) and Tricuspid

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20
Q

Which 2 valves make up the semilunar valves?

A

Pulmonary and Aortic

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21
Q

What is the boundary of the smooth and rough parts of the Right Atrium?

A

Crista Terminalis

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22
Q

Where can the SA node be found in the Right Atrium?

A

Near the upper end of the Crista Terminalis

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23
Q

Where can AV node be found in the Right Atrium?

A

Above the opening of the coronary sinus

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24
Q

What is the condition called for incomplete closure of the foramen ovale?

A

Atrial Septal Defect

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25
Blood flows from the right atrium to the ____ through the right ______ which is guarded by the ____ valve
Blood flows from the right atrium to the **right ventricle** through the **right atrioventricular orifice** which is guarded by the **tricuspid** valve
26
What is one muscle that is present in the Right Atrium and is closely related to the Crista Terminalis?
Pectinate Muscle
27
What are 3 types of muscles present in the Right Ventricle?
Papillary Septomarginal Trabecula (moderator band) Trabeculae Carnae
28
What valves can be found in the Right Ventricle?
Tricuspid and Pulmonary
29
What is the function of Chordae Tendinae?
Prevents eversion of the valves into the atria
30
______ prevents eversion of the valves into the atria?
Chordae Tendinae
31
Is the left ventricular wall or the right ventricular wall thicker?
Left ventricular wall is 3 times thicker than the right
32
What muscle can be found in the Left Atrium?
Pectinate muscle
33
What valves can be found in the Left Ventricle?
Mitral and Aortic
34
What does the Left Coronary Artery branch out to?
Left Anterior Descending artery Left Circumflex artery
35
Where does the Left Anterior Descending Artery supply to?
Right Ventricle Left Ventricle 2/3rd Interventricular Septum AV bundle
36
Where does the Circumflex artery supply to?
Left Atrium Left Ventricle
37
What does the right coronary artery branch out to?
Acute Marginal Artery Posterior Descending Artery
38
Where does the Acute Marginal Artery supply to?
Right Ventricle
39
Where does the Right Coronary Artery supply to?
Right Atrium Right Ventricle SA and AV node (recall that SA and AV node are found in RA)
40
Where does the posterior descending artery supply to?
1/3rd Interventricular septum (posterior) Adjacent portions of ventricles
41
The artery that supplies the posterior descending artery (PDA) determines the _______
Coronary Dominance
42
If PDA is supplied by RCA, what dominance is it classified as?
Right dominant
43
If PDA is supplied by Lcx, what dominance is it classified as?
Left dominant
44
If PDA is supplied by both RCA and Lcx, what dominance is it classified as?
Co-dominant
45
How common are the various dominance in the population? (rank from most to least common)
Right dominant (85%) Co-dominant (8%) Left dominant (7%)
46
An end artery is defined as an artery that is the ____ supply of ____ blood to a portion of tissue.
An end artery is defined as an artery that is the **only** supply of **oxygenated** blood to a portion of tissue.
47
List 2 examples of end (Terminal) arteries
Splenic artery (supplies the spleen) Renal artery (supplies the kidney)
48
A patient perceives noxious stimuli originating in the heart as pain arising from a superficial part of the body. What is this phenomenon called?
Cardiac referred pain
49
Where is cardiac pain referred?
- Visceral afferent pain fibres follow sympathetic nerves via cardiac plexus, white rami, to T1-4 - T1-T4 dermatomes, radiating down left arm
49
Most of the blood drains into the right atrium through the _____
Coronary sinus
50
Coronary Sinus Lies in the ____ side Opens into the ____ atrium
Posterior, Right atrium
51
What does the coronary sinus branch out to?
Great cardiac vein Middle cardiac vein Small cardiac vein Posterolateral cardiac vein
52
What are the 3 branches of the arch of the aorta? (from right to left)
Brachiocephalic trunk > Left common carotid artery > Left subclavian artery
53
What are the 2 branches of the brachiocephalic trunk?
Right common carotid artery Right subclavian artery
54
What nerve segments does the phrenic nerve arise from?
C3 to C5
54
Injury to the phrenic nerve will cause paralysis of the _____.
Hemidiaphragm
55
Left vagus nerve gives rise to _____
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
56
The left recurrent laryngeal nerve lies lateral to the _______
Ligamentum arteriosum
57
What is the pacemaker of the heart?
SA node
58
Sympathetic innervation of the heart - Arises from ____ and ___ thoracic portions of the sympathetic trunks - _____ sympathetic fibers terminate on the ______ and _____ nodes, _____ fibers and _______ - Activation of these nerves results in cardiac _____, ____ force of contraction of the cardiac muscle and _____ of the coronary arteries
- Arises from **cervical **and** upper** thoracic portions of the sympathetic trunks - **Postganglionic** sympathetic fibers terminate on the **SA and AV nodes,** **cardiac muscle** fibers and **coronary arteries** - Activation of these nerves results in cardiac **acceleration,** **increased** force of contraction of the cardiac muscle and **dilation** of the coronary arteries
59
Parasympathetic innervation of the heart - Arises from _____ - ______ parasympathetic fibers _____ on the SA and AV nodes and on the _____ - Activation of the parasympathetic nerves results in _____ in the rate and force of _____ of the heart and a ______ of the coronary arteries
- Arises from **vagus nerves** - **Postganglionic** parasympathetic fibers **terminates** on the SA and AV nodes and on the **coronary arteries** - Activation of the parasympathetic nerves results in **reduction** in the rate and force of **contraction** of the heart and a **constriction** of the coronary arteries
60
Where can the apex beat be felt?
5th Intercostal space, mid-clavicular line
61
Ventricular septal defect is a congenital malformation of the ______
Interventricular septum
62
What is the term used to describe the foraemen ovale that closes soon after birth?
Fossa Ovalis
63
The ________ also known as ______ (name for closure of foramen ovale) seprates the right atrium from the left atrium.
The **interatrial septum** also known as **fossa ovalis** (name for closure of foramen ovale) seprates the right atrium from the left atrium.

Anatomy (11 decks)

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