CVS

Question 1

What drug can be administered to restore function in cardiac arrest?

Answer 1

Adrenaline.

Question 2

What drug can be used to treat cardiogenic shock?

Answer 2

Dobutamine - beta1 agonist.

Question 3

What drug can be used to treat resistant hypertension?

Answer 3

Alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists.

Question 4

What drug can be used to slow heart rate and reduce force of contraction?

Answer 4

Propranolol - non selective beta1 and beta2 antagonist.

Atenolol - selective beta1 antagonist.

Question 5

What drug can be used to treat glaucoma?

Answer 5

Pilocarpine - muscarinic agonist.

Question 6

What drug can be used to dilate the pupils for examination of the eye?

Answer 6

Atropine - muscarinic antagonist.

Question 7

What drug can be used to treat anaphylactic shock?

Answer 7

Adrenaline.

Question 8

How would you manage a patient with hypertension?

Answer 8

Identify and treat underlying cause if present.
Lifestyle advice eg reduced salt intake, quitting smoking.
Ace inhibitors eg ramipril.
Ang II receptor antagonists eg losartan.
L-type Ca2+ channel blockers eg verapamil.
Thiazides diuretics eg bendroflumethiazide.
Beta blockers eg bisoprolol - where also other indications eg MI.
Alpha blockers eg doxazosin.

Question 9

What drugs can be used to treat stable angina?

Answer 9

Aspirin.
Beta blocker.
Statin.
ACE inhibitor.
Oral nitrate.
Ca2+ channel antagonists.
Nicorandil.

Question 10

What drugs can be used to treat an MI?

Answer 10

GTN.
Aspirin.
Second anti-platelet.

Question 11

How would you manage a patient with heart failure?

Answer 11

Correct underlying cause eg valve surgery.
Lifestyle modification eg decreases salt and alcohol consumption.
Ace inhibitor eg ramipril and beta blocker.
If still symptomatic give mineralcorticoid receptor antagonist eg spironolactone.
Cardiac glycosides eg digoxin used when there is an arrhythmia eg AF.
Ivabradine.
Sacubitril.

Question 12

What drugs can be used following an MI?

Answer 12

Lidocaine (class I, block voltage-dependant Na+ channels) - when signs of VT.
Propranolol (class II, beta-adrenereceptor antagonists/beta blockers) - prevent ventricular arrhythmias.
Amiodarone (class III, K+ channel blockers) - suppress ventricular arrhythmias.

Question 13

What drugs are antithrombotic?

Answer 13

Heparin.
Low molecular weight heparin.
Warfarin.
Aspirin.

Question 14

What drugs can be used to treat cardiogenic shock?

Answer 14

Beta-adrenoreceptor agonists.

Question 15

What drugs can be used to slow ventricular rate in AF?

Answer 15

Beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists (beta blockers) eg propranolol, bisoprolol.
Calcium channel blockers eg verapamil, diltiazem with or without digoxin.

Question 15

What drugs can be used for rhythm control in AF?

Answer 15

Sotalol or amiodarone.

Flecainide with bisoprolol.

Question 15

What IV drugs are used to treat ventricular tachycardia?

Answer 15

Metoprolol.
Lignocaine.
Amiodarone.

Question 16

What drugs are used to treat atrial flutter?

Answer 16

Flecainide with an AV nodal blocking drug.

Question 17

What drugs are used to treat Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome?

Answer 17

Flecainide.

Amiodarone.

Question 18

What drugs are used to treat acute re-entrant SVT?

Answer 18

Adenosine.
Verapamil.
Flecainide.

Question 19

What drugs are used to treat chronic re-entrant SVT?

Answer 19

Bisoprolol.
Verapamil.
Sotalol or amiodarone.
Flecainide.
Procainamide.

Question 20

What drugs are used to treat ectopic beats?

Answer 20

Bisoprolol.
Flecainide.
Sotalol or amiodarone.

Question 21

What drugs are used to treat sinus tachycardia?

Answer 21

Ivabradine.
Bisoprolol.
Verapamil.